COCCIDiE AND THEIR ENEMIES ABROAD. 



49 



APPENDIX B. 



INSECT PESTS OF CITRUS TREES SEEN BY THE WRITER DURING 

 HIS INVESTIGATIONS IN VARIOUS FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 



Chrysomphalus dictiospermi (Morg.). 

 Parlatoria zizyphus (Lucas). 

 Psendococcus citri (Risso). 

 Lepidosaphes heclcii (Newm.). 

 Lepidosaphes gloveri (Packard). 

 Aspidiotus hederae (Vail.). 

 Saissetia olese (Bern.). 

 Coccus hesperidum (L.). 



ITALY AND SICILY. 



Chrysomphalus dictiospermi (Morg.). 

 Parlatoria zizyphus (Lucas). 

 Lepidosaphes beckii (Newm.). 

 Pseudococcus citri (Risso). 

 Aspidiotus hederae (ValL). 

 Saissetia olese (Bern.). 

 Coccus hesperidum (L.). 



Chrysomphalus aurantii (Mask.). 

 Chrysoviphalus aonidum (L.). 

 Erium sp. 



Monophlehv^ dalhergise Green. 

 Pseudococcus citri (Risso). 

 Aspidiotus latanise Sign. 

 Lepidosaphes beckii (Newm.). 

 Lepidosaphes lasianthi (Green). 

 Coccus hesperidum (L.). 

 Fiorinia these Green. 

 Vinsonia stellifera (Westw.). 

 Aleyrodes citri R. & H. 

 Aleyrodes, 3 species (undetermined). 

 Papilio demoleus L. 

 Phyllocnistis citrella Stain ton. 

 Bud moth (Agonopteryx sp.). 

 Borer. 



The determination of almost all the Coccidae included in these lists 

 has been made by Mr. E. R. Sasscer, of this bureau. The scale 

 insects have been arranged in order of economic importance in so 

 far as was possible from the observations of the author and informa- 

 tion available. Without doubt the most serious insect pest in India 

 is Phyllocnistis citrella, a leaf-mining lepidopteron. It is especially- 

 destructive to young nursery stock. Wliile the infestation of indi- 

 vidual trees by other of the Indian citrus pests is occasionally some- 

 what severe, these infestations are not so general as to be of com- 

 mercial importance. 



APPENDIX C. 



OBSERVATIONS ON COCCIDiE AND THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES 

 IN SPAIN, ITALY, SICILY, AND INDIA. 



Most species of Coccidae and Aleyrodidse seen during the writer's 

 travels in tropical and semitropical regions were parasitized to a 

 greater or less extent. Some species appeared to be attacked by a 

 smgle natural enemy while other species were affected by several. 

 It might be safely stated that the combination of climatic conditions 

 with natural enemies keeps all scale and aleyrodid enemies of citrus 

 trees in India under commercial control except for occasional spo- 

 radic outbreaks. In Spain, Italy, and Sicily also climate and natural 

 enemies have proved of great efficiency against numerous citrus- tree 

 scale pests. 



