52 report of search foe enemies of citrus white fly. 



India. 



The main portion of this bulletin is devoted to a treatment of two 

 natural enemies of Aleyrodes citri, so no further mention of these 

 species is necessary. CJirysomplialus aurantii, the red scale so inju- 

 rious to citrus fruits in California, occurs throughout India, but 

 in such slight quantities as to produce little injury. Sometimes 

 individual trees in shady situations are severely infested, but such 

 instances are very infrequent. The scale on such trees is invariably 

 found to be heavily parasitized by a species of the hymenopterous 

 genus Aphelinus. Chilocorus nigritus Fab., an oriental coccinellid, 

 also attacks this scale. Pseudococcus citri, the citrus mealy bug, was 

 very seldom seen in India and in those instances observed was under 

 perfect control. It is quite probable that the species is attacked by 

 natural enemies. 



'APPENDIX D. 



COCCINELLIDZE INTRODUCED PROM INDIA. 



Several species of ladybirds of economic, value were included with 

 the shipments of the natural enemies of the white fly. All have failed 

 to develop with the exception of two species, Chilocorus nigritus Fab., 

 which preys on various species of Coccidae, and Chilomenes sexmacula- 

 tus Fab., which preys upon aphides. 



Chilocorus nigritus did admirable work against Chrysomphalu^ 

 aurantii in certain parts of India and was introduced in the hope that 

 it might prove of economic value if established in this country. It 

 is at present being successfully reared in California and Florida. 



Chilomenes sexmaculatus feeds on various species of Aphididae. It 

 is a rapid breeder. One female in captivity has deposited over a 

 thousand eggs. Vast numbers of this species have been reared and 

 liberated in both California and Florida. 



APPENDIX E. 

 FUMIGATION OP CITRUS TREES IN SPAIN. 



When the writer stopped in Spain in 1910, while en route to India, 

 no fumigation had ever been practiced. Chrysomphalus dictiospenni 

 and Parlatoria zizyphus were such serious pests as to have become a 

 menace to profitable orange production in certain parts of the country. 

 The growers affected were eager for some method to control these 

 insects even as were the orchardists of California when the cottony 

 cushion scale was such a pest before Novius cardinalis had been 

 introduced. 



The writer spent the month of August, 1910, in Spain in an attempt 

 to demonstrate the efficiency of fumigation with hydrocyanic-acid 



