if 
on two or three of the trees, and the others show a loss of from 15 to 50 per cent. I 
argue that as the trees first sprayed show a lesser loss than the others, the probabili- 
ties are that the water and compound were not thoroughly mixed, and asit is my cus- 
tom to keep the inlet pipe of the pump near the top of the solution to avoid the sedi- 
ment, these trees received a weaker solution, as the compound would remain at the 
bottom of the tank until thoroughly mixed and suspended in the water. No condi- 
tions of health of trees or soil affected the loss of foliage, since similar results are 
shown by the trees in the other part of the grove. My conclusion is that the cause 
exists in too strong a solution, followed by hot, dry winds for several days. Since 
the date of spraying there has been no rain nor even a fog or cloud until two days 
ago. Iam happy to say, though, that the bugs are dead. 
That this disastrous result to the foliage was the direct effect of the 
hot drying wind appears to admit of no doubt, since Mr. Ryan informs 
me that when no such wind prevailed he had sprayed a large number of 
his orange trees with a compound made precisely like the one used 
above, and the trees thus sprayed dropped scarcely a leaf. The fact 
that the latest trees sprayed suffered the most indicates not so much 
that they were sprayed with a stronger solution than the others, but 
rather that being sprayed later and being still wet with the solution 
they would naturally be more affected by the hot winds than those 
which were sprayed earlier, and from which the surplus solution had 
had time to drip off, while the remainder would be quite dry before the 
hot wind occurred. ' 
Following is an account of a number of experiments which I made 
with various resin compounds and resin soaps for the destruction of the 
Red Scale (Aspidiotus aurantit Maskell); they were made at Orange, in 
the adjoining county of Orange, upon trees kindly placed at my disposal 
by Mr. H. F. Gardner. The trees in experiments 181-194 contained no 
fruit, but there were green oranges on all of the other trees experi- 
mented upon. 
In making each of these solutions the necessary ingredients were 
placed in the boiler, covered with water, and boiled briskly from two to 
three hours, after which they assimilated well with water; the solution 
was then diluted with the proper quantity of water, strained through a 
piece of barley sack, and then sprayed upon the tree. In each instance 
only a small quantity of solid or semi-solid matter was strained out of 
the different solutions. An exception to this occurs in experiments 185 
and 186, in which the resin was simply dissolved in water over a hot 
fire, after which the necessary quantity of water was added and the 
solution strained, as described above. In dissolving the resin I used 
3 gallons of water for each pound of the resin; at first I tried to dissolve 
it at the rate of 1 pound of resin to 2 gallons of water, but a portion of 
the resin would not dissolve until more water had been added. The 
solution was of a milky-white color, and assimilated well with water. 
The cost per 100 gallons of the different preparations as given below 
is based upon wholesale prices of the different ingredients, furnished 
me by the Los Angeles Soap Company, of this city. The rate on resin 
is by the 10-barrel lot of 375 pounds per barrel; of caustic soda, by the 
