89 
dependént upon such plants as are dried up from July until the rains 
set in, generally October or November. I will give here the history of 
one of these: 
Agrotis crenulata, Smith.—On September 29, 1887, one pair of these 
moths was found about 10 p. m. in coitu on the upper side of a leaf of 
Quercus agrifolia at Alameda. The female began to lay her eggs the 
following day and continued until October 10, after which she died. On 
counting it was found that the number of eggs was 1,026. The young 
larvie began to issue on October 12. They are, when full grown, very sim- 
ilar to those of A. clandestina,* for which they were taken before being 
bred. Naturally all such larvae grow very slowly during the winter 
months, and reach their full growth about March, when they may be 
found most anywhere amongst grass, grain, or vegetables. Their chief 
food, however, consists of grasses. From larve that entered the ground 
in breeding cages on March 12, the first moth came out on April 16. 
In a state of nature it would be about the same probably, allowing for 
a week’s variation either way in the appearance of the moths according 
to the situation of the chrysalids. The moths are found from April to 
July, being most abundant during May and June, at least in localities 
where food is sufficient. In the Santa Cruz Mountains they were ob- 
- served to appear soon after dark upon the flowers of Wsculus californicus 
(Buckeye), and could be seen in numbers every night until the flowers 
disappeared ; in other localities, where flowers and natural food are not 
so abundant, they may retire sooner into their hibernating quarters. 
During June, 1886, I found them very abundant in a deep, shady canon 
in Los Angeles County, amongst leaves, flying up at my approach and 
settling down a short distance off. On my visit to the same locality 
one month later not one moth was seen on the wing. But if at this 
time one searches closer down amongst the dead and damp leaves they 
will be found in a semi-dormant state. After being exposed :a short 
time they soon fly off to a dark corner and disappear again. In such 
condition they were observed all last summer in the Santa Cruz Mount- 
ains. In open country, distant from woods, they may occasionally be 
found hidden under or between boards or ijn old stumps, rubbish, ete. 
They preter, however, to hide in the woods amid the dead leaves found 
there. As in other parts the warm rays of the sun in the spring awaken 
many of the hibernating insects, so here the first rains in fall will do 
the same, especially with the Noctuide. 
NOTES ON THE HABITS OF THE CODLING MOTH AND ITS ENEMIES 
AND PARASITES IN CALIFORNIA. 
During my repeated visits to the Santa Cruz Mountains the past sum- 
mer some observations were made upon the Codling Moth and its ene- 
mies which may be of interest. The moth as a rule is double-brooded 
in that locality, and no doubt will not differ in its habits to any extent 
* Professor Riley’s First Missouri Report, p. 79. 
