90 
throughout California. They may appear somewhat earlier in the val- 
leys. From dates noted in 1887 some of the moths were out on April 
22 at Santa Clara, and one larva found then did not produce the moth 
until May 10. Two days after this they were also observed flying at 
Alameda. One larva found under bark of pear tree at Los Angeles on 
July 19, 1886, and evidently of the first brood, did not produce the moth 
until the end of April the following year. During August, 1887, the 
moths were abundant at Alameda; on the 2d of the month a cocoon 
was found about 8 feet from the trunk of the tree, under a fallen 
apple, from which the larva had issued. The moth from this appeared 
on the 13th of the same month. Two days later, on a hot and sunny 
day, while walking through an old apple orchard at 10 p. m., moths 
started up either from the trunk or lower leaves of nearly every tree 
and settled down again, generally higher up and on the upper side of 
leaves exposed to the sun. 
Larvie and chrysalids were found in abundance the same day, and 
from one of the latter a parasite issued on August 26. This proved to 
be Pimpla annulipes. Up to September 17 moths issued from the chrys- 
alids; one larva that pupated during this month did not, however, pro- 
duce the moth until December 10. During 1888 the first moth was ob- 
served at Alameda as early as March 17, sitting on the upper side of 
an orange leaf exposed to the sun. But very few of the apple trees 
were in bloom at this time. Two days later moths began to issue in the 
house from larvee collected the previous December. Several issued up 
to March 28. The present season the moths were not observed in any 
numbers before May 25 in the Santa Cruz Mountains. The fruit at this 
time was about 1 inch in diameter. From this date on until the end of 
June there could be seen at dusk from 25 to 50 on each tree. The 
place is situated on the east side of the hills. About a half hour after 
the sun disappeared behind the mountains, and while it was yet visi- 
ble for nearly that length of time on the opposite hills, the moths be- 
gan to appear, flying with quick movements around the trees, chiefly 
near the top, and settling down again upon the leaves or fruit from 
time to time. This was kept up until towards dark when they became 
less numerous. During this time both sexes may be readily collected 
with a long butterfly-net. I have taken many near the ground on the 
lower leaves and often distant from fruit trees. By their peculiar flight 
they are easily distinguished from any other species of moths. 
About the middle of August, at which time some of the fruit had 
already been taken off, thesecond brood made its appearance, yet at this 
time many larvie could still be found within the infested fruit, and from 
material collected then and taken to Alameda, moths came out in num- 
bers until September 12. I was informed that Bartlett pears taken 
from the trees when the second brood had made its appearance were 
all sound, not one in twenty being wormy. On examination, however, 
I found the opposite to be the ease. About one pear in twenty only was 
> 58) 
