101 
seen or heard of all of the following species suffering alike from this 
cause: Ash, Box Elder, Soft Maple, Cottonwood, and Willow. The 
honey locust, too, has been subject to defoliation by insect enemies when 
growing as hedges upon the uplands of the semi-arid regions west of 
the 97th meridian. Some of these trees thus attacked were killed out- 
right, while others were set back a year or more by each defoliation. 
Several different lines of investigation have been followed in the 
study of this subject, viz, the comparative freedom from insect attack 
of the various kinds of trees; the influence of topography upon the 
growth of each kind of tree, as well as upon the increase and develop- 
ment of the insect life thriving upon the tree; also the comparative 
abundance or absence of birds and parasitic insects in the different 
regions, and what relation these bear to insect depredations. Of course, 
when fully carried out in the several lines indicated above, the investi- 
gation of such a subject can not fail to be quite extensive and result in 
some good to the parties most concerned. For the present paper, how- 
ever, only a few of the most important of these insect enemies will be 
mentioned, and then only cursorily. Of these there are about thirty 
species belonging to the orders Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, 
Orthoptera, and Hemiptera. Most of these insects that I wish to call 
attention to are quite general in their distribution, and therefore as 
well known to you as they are to those living in the “ tree-claim” 
region. My report will then simply consist of a statement as to their 
abundance, distribution, and the amount of injury done by each species. 
To do this the following table will best express my wishes and at the 
same time be least cumbersome. All of the species therein mentioned 
have been either observed by myself or were reported by others as 
occurring in injurious numbers during different seasons upon tree- 
claims located in Nebraska, Kansas, and Dakota. 
Insect. Tree. Insect. Tree. 
HYMENOPTERA. | Cressonia juglandis A. & | Walnut. 
se 
Cimbex americana Leach .| Willows. Clisiocampa americana | Most kinds. 
Monophadnus barda Say --| Ash. Harr. 
Clisiocampa sylvatica Do. 
COLEOPTERA. Harr. 
Datana angusii G. & R.| Black Walnut. 
Lina seripta Fab........-. Willow and Cotton- || Anisota rubicunda Fab -.| Soft Maple. 
wood. | Hyphantria cunea Drury) All kinds. 
Chrysomela sp ..---------. Do. | Apatela populi Riley..--. On Cottonwood. 
Disonycha pennsylwanica | Willow. : DORE cost seen Willow. 
Ill. 1p cenacosasecboocee Maple, Box Elder. 
Chrysobothris femorata | Box Elder and Maple. || Tortricid (——-) ...-...-- Honey Locust, 
Fab. I SDRUNG sone scissile asim Ash. 
Lachnosterna(several spe- | All kinds. DOpet ses ceiteces oe ee Elm. 
cies). | Tortricid (———) ...------ Boring twigs of Hack- 
Epicauta cinerea Forst..-.| Honey Locust, Coffee berry, Box Elder. 
Bean. ORTHOPTERA. 
LEPIDOPTERA. : 
| @eanthus niveus Serv .-.| Stems of various trees, 
Papilio turnus Linn ...... Ash. | Ueanthus latipennis Ri- | Stems not so common. 
Vanessa antiopa Linn ....| Willow, Elm. ley. 
Platysamia eecropia Linn | Maple, Willow, Box || Melanoplus spretus Thos 
Elder, ete. | Melanoplus femur-rub- | Foliage of all when 
Telea polyphemus Cramer | Maple, Elm, Box El- rum DeGeer. numerous. 
der, ete. Melanoplus differentialis 
Triptogon modesta A. & S. | Willow, Cottonwood. Thos. 
