28 
The making of this wash will be greatly accelerated if the resin and 
caustic soda are first pulverized before being placed in the kettle; if in 
large pieces, a considerable length of time will be required in which to 
dissolve them. Ifa sufficient quantity of water is not used at first the 
materials when dissolved will form a thick, pasty mass, which simply 
breaks open in places to allow the steam to escape, and pieces of the 
mixture will be thrown out of the boiler or against its sides or lid by 
the escaping steam. When this occurs, water should be added until 
the solution boils up in a foamy mass. Whenever there is a tendency 
to boil over a small quantity of cold water should be added, but not 
too much, or the making of the solution will be retarded; after a few 
trials the operator will learn how much water to add in order to pre- 
vent the solution from boiling over and yet keep it in a brisk state of 
ebullition. If it is not desired to add all of the water at the same time 
that the solution is made, then enough can be added to equal two- 
fifths of the quantity required; the balance of the water can then be 
added at any subsequent time without again heating the solution. 
Thus, if a sufficient quantity of the solution is boiled to make when 
diluted 100 gallons, this could first be diluted to make only 40 gallons, 
and the remaining 60 gallons of water added at any time as required. 
If it is desired to use it in a still more concentrated form than this, it 
need not be diluted at all after it has been boiled sufficiently, but in 
this case it will be necessary to heat it again before adding the water. 
On the 11th of February, between the hours of 1:30 and 4:20 p. mn. 
(sun shining, light breeze), I had 60 dormant deciduous fruit trees 
sprayed with the above solution. These consisted of peach, plum, apple, 
pear, and quince trees; none of them had started to leaf out except the 
quince, which had put forth a few leaves at the tips of some of its 
branches. Each of these trees was infested with the San José scale 
(Aspidiotus perniciosus Comstock) and several of them had been almost 
killed by the attacks of this pest. April 23 I made a careful examina- 
tion of these trees and found only a very few living San José scales; 
all of thetrees except those which were nearly dead when sprayed were 
now making avigorous growth. May 12 lagain examined these trees, 
and found living San José scales on only three of them, about half a 
dozen scales on each. I made another examination on the 11th day of 
June, and found a few San José scales on some of the pears on the 
above trees. All of the Black scales (Lecanium olee Bernard) which 
I found on these trees were dead, and their eggs were dry. July 241 
again examined these trees and found three or four living San José 
scales on a few pears and apples on some of the trees, but the fruit was 
practically clean, whereas on adjoiping trees which had not been 
sprayed nearly all of the pears were very badly infested with these 
scales. There was, however, a singular exception to this: A LeConte 
pear tree that stood in the midst of several Bartlett and Winter Nelis 
pear trees, which were very badly infested with the San José scale, was, 
