39 
costing at wholesale in San Francisco (T. W. Jackson & Co., No. 104 
Market street) $2.50. This is sufficiently strong, and to use more is 
unnecessary, as it was found that even 3 pints of the emulsion to the 
plant would do the work. 
1 will give herea receipt for preparing the cheapest compound. This 
is with common caustic soda, such as is sold at wholesale at about 5 
cents per pound: 
Caustic soda, 77 per cent......-.---. Bence eoacesccae costes pounds.. 5 
ISGSHIG, DSS ace iee SOS OOO e CRE epee PSs SATS SSs SES Ae aaa There do... 40 
Wake nibOnmn ace Seacrs natant sae stotsirepe tee tee ait ite me gallons.. 50 
First the soda should be dissolved over fire with 4 gallons of water, 
then the resin added and dissolved properly, after which the required 
water can be given slowly while boiling to make the 50 gallons of com- 
pound. This will make 500 gallons of the diluent, sufficient for 100 
plants, and costing about $4 cents. 
While a much weaker solution would kill the Phylloxera, this is 
recommended, as it also destroys their eggs effectively. Below are 
given the results of some of the experiments to show the effects of 
various strengths. Most of these have been duplicated or tried upon 
several plants. A small mite (Tyroglyphus sp.), always very abundant 
among the Phylloxera, and, as a rule, feeding upon the sap of the 
roots, yet from numerous empty skins appearing to feed also upon the 
lice, was in no case injured by these resin washes. 
CoMPOUND No. 1.—Bicarbonate of soda, 3 pounds ; resin, 4 pounds, and 
water to make 40 pints, costing 15 cents. 
Compound, 1 gallon; water, 6 gallons; in holes 4 feet in diameter. 
Destroyed insects to about 12 inches in depth from original surface, as 
well as the eggs of the same, which became dark in color. 
Compound, one-half gallon; water, 4 gallons. Destroyed all insects 
where they were reached (occasionally a living one running about). 
Compound, 1 part; water, 10 parts; about 10 gallons of the fluid 
used. This will destroy all lice and their eggs completely to 12 inches 
from original surface, but not deeper. 
Compound, 1 part; water, 12 parts; 9? gallons used. Twenty-four 
hours after application some of the solution remained still on top, and 
on examining 6 days later it was found that it had penetrated the ground 
to 12 inches from original surface. Much of the solution had evap. 
orated and left a brown scum (dry soap) on top. It will also destroy 
most, if not all, of the eggs. 
Compound, 1 part; water, 14 parts. Three and three-fourths gallons 
of the diluent in holes 2 feet in diameter killed the insects to 8 inches 
in depth, or 14 inches from original surface. 
Compound, 1 part; water, 16 parts; 83 gallons diluent. Occasion- 
ally a living insect found and large numbers of mites on the nearly 
dead vines. 
