43 
many as a dozen could be seen at one time, but of all the hundreds seen 
very few were dead. They were usually in a half circle and completely 
dry above and were carried off to be distributed safely along the shores. 
In both cases I had no opportunity to obtain specimens for identifica- 
tion. 
As to the parasites, so far two species of a small Chalcid were bred 
from 37 egg masses of C. constricta found within three hours while col- 
lecting Cynipid galls in Sonoma County during October. This species 
is preyed upon by Tachina flies, which are or have been, the present 
season, the chief agent in destroying them. From about two hundred 
grown larve collected but very few moths were obtained, the Tachina 
maggots issuing from the dying and spun-up larve in large numbers. 
No ground for their reception had been furnished in breeding cases and 
they pupated among the leaves and excrement. Atleast 80 per cent 
of these larvze were parasitized and but one of the flies has issued up 
to date. I also obtained one large cocoon of an Ichneumonid from 
larve in confinement and others were still found in nature during Sep- 
tember. 
C. thoracica was also infested by Tachina larve, but only about 
30 per cent. were destroyed by these maggots. Two species of the flies 
have come out so far. C. californica was noticed full of eggs of these 
flies and some had previously been bred. An Ichneumonid was ob- 
tained from young larve the present year. Professor Rivers, of 
Berkeley, informed me the end of April that he had previously ob- 
served one of these larvie at Bay View upon Willow, and accordingly 
a trip was made to that locality and this species was found as well as 
its tents, not alone upon Willow, but also on the scrubby Live Oaks 
growing there, Hazel, Wild Currant, Rhamnus californica, Blackberry, 
and other plants, showing that this species is not confined to Live Oak 
alone. 
No Tachina has yet been obtained from the species in Santa Cruz 
Mountains, nor have I observed any eggs, but larvee of this species 
placed upon Cherry and Prune at Alameda were badly attacked. The 
same species of Ichneumonid bred from larvee of C. californica has also 
been obtained from this. This species was observed upon Plum, Prune, 
Willow, Ceanothus and Cercocarpus. 
Two species of Ichneumonids were bred from the new species of the 
north, one from larve found at Tacoma, and the second from those 
found at Easton. 
I may mention one Noctuid larva as very destructive to buds, young 
fruit, and foliage of fruit trees, chiefly Apple, Pear, Plum, and Prune. 
This is Taniocampa, and I have full proof that the destruction of a 
large share of the buds and young fruit, so universally, yet incorrectly, 
attributed to birds on this coast, is due to this larvee. In the very 
early spring, often in February, these moths make their appearance 
from hibernated chrysalids and copulate, and the female deposits her 
