44 
eggs, from two to three hundred or more, in crevices of bark. I found 
them in large numbers together, thrust deep into a place where one of 
he branches had broken off. The young larvee soon made their ap- 
pearance and in want of leaves began to feed upon buds and blossoms, 
and later on, as I have repeatedly observed on apple trees, upon the 
young fruit also. Within about 24 days these larve become full grown 
and enter the ground for pupation to remain in this state for nearly 11 
months. If only one or two early broods occur upon a single or- 
dinary tree, they will, in some cases, destroy most if not all the fruit 
buds before any leaves appear. The light green, white, variegated, and 
striped larvee at rest on the under side of leaves during the daytime 
are not, especially by an untrained eye, very readily discovered, and 
hence are overlooked and the more innocent bird is made responsible 
for the damage done. 
During April, 1888, when I had a peead of these larvee in confine. 
ment at Alameda, a common titmouse, Lophophanes inornatus Gamb., 
was noticed flying constantly to an old apple tree and carrying off 
dozens of these very larve to a hollow tree not far. distant, within 
which it had a nest with six young. These birds are quite plentiful 
at this time of the year and are the only enemy of this larva as yet 
observed. None of the numerous larve collected the present year 
appear to be parasitized. 
By jarring the trees in the early morning these larvee, especially the 
larger, will fallto the ground, and can readily be collected and destroyed. 
If the tree be only slightly shaken, all the mature larvie will drop. 
Caloptenus devastator, so well remembered since its outbreak in 1885, 
has again been on the increase the present season and is quite abun- 
dant in Sonoma County as well as around Alameda, where Camnula pel- 
lucida was equally as numerous. Aside from complaints in Sonoma 
County others were heard of in Yolo County. I quote from the Wood- 
land Democrat of September 11, 1590: 
For the past few weeks our farmers have been watching their alfalfa crops very 
closely. The Army Worm and the Grasshopper are both here, although not in such 
quantities as in the early days. In some eases the crops in young vineyards have 
been entirely destroyed by them. C. Eakle lost all his grapes by the grasshoppers 
and others have shared a like fate. In other cases the alfalfa crops have fared badly 
from the effects of the worm and the hopper. Mrs. P. Hannum had saved some alfalfa 
for seed, but the worm attacked it, and she was obliged to cut it for hay in order to 
save any of it. Mr. Hopkins, we understand, was caught in the same predicament, 
while the pastures of those who have lately irrigated and where the clover is just 
beginning to grow nice and green are full of the hoppers, and the worms have also 
attacked many others. 
As yet no specimens from the above locality can be obtained, but it 
is more than likely that the injury was caused by several species and 
the Devastating Locust among them. One favorable season, however, 
should no parasites appear, would again show a marked increase in 
destructive numbers, and local outbreaks may be expected the coming 
summer, 
