64 
of securing specimens and parasites, of very doubtful value from an 
economic standpoint or as indicating its normal habits. The obserya- 
tions have many of them been once and often twice substantiated. 
In ordinary seasons and throughout the area above indicated the 
statement made long ago by Dr. Fitch that the Hessian Fly is double 
brooded is true. While in the southern portion of the State the fall 
brood of adults seem to appear some weeks later than in the northern 
part, nevertheless I have found but two destructive broods. Between 
these two broods, however, is a considerable mass of fluctuating indi- 
viduals, the true position of which is rather anomalous.* 
At LaFayette, Ind., latitude 40° 27’, wheat plants were transferred 
from the fields to the breeding cages April 5, 1890, and kept out of 
doors. The seed producing these plants had been sown the preceding 
September 3. On April 17 a female emerged, and a male appearing 
soon after, these, on April 22, were both placed together on young 
growing wheat planted in a breeding cage, out of doors. From these 
adults were secured June 8. The attempt was made to follow the off- 
spring of these, but failed on account of the wheat being killed by rust. 
On June 7, and also on the 14th, 1888, in the same locality, adults were 
observed ovipositing, the eggs being placed on the youngest and most 
tender shoots, and there was every evidence that these eggs developed 
through the larval to the flaxseed stage by early July. Besides, I have 
observed in the same locality late-growing shoots literally overrun 
with very young larve on the 26th of June, and found larvee as late as 
the 10th of July. 
On October 16, 1887, Mr. W. 8. Ratliff, who made a great number of 
experiments for me, near Richmond, Ind. (latitude 30° 51’), secured 
adults from a small plot of wheat plants which appeared above the 
ground September 4. From a plant from this same plat that had been 
transplanted indoors, he secured an adult female 11 days earlier. In 
either of these cases with favorable weather the female could have 
sent her offspring into the winter in the flaxseed state. Mr. Ratliffalso 
observed adults on July 10, 1887. At La Fayette, Ind., the same au- 
tumn, I saw females ovipositing on November 3, in a temperature of 64° 
F., among the plants. From a platsown August 13, and which came up 
on the 17th, I obtained adults of both sexes on October 1, 44 days after 
the plants appeared and 48 days after sowing. That larve, even 
though quite inmature when winter begins, may survive till spring has 
been demonstrated again and again, and was especially true of the 
exceedingly mild winter of 1889-90. In fact, by a series of sowings all 
* Dr. Fitch states that the eggs of the fall brood are deposited in the State of New 
York early in September, and also that ‘the deposit is doubtless made later to the 
south of us than it is here in New York.” (Seventh Report.) Mr. Edward Tilghman 
observed oviposition in Queen Anne’s County, Maryland, about latitude 39° to 39° 
30’, during the second week in October, and mentions it as of usual! occurrence. (Lhe 
Cullivator, May, 1841.) 
