15 ? 
If the soil is rich and the plants are attacked before they have til- 
lered, these last will be thrown out from the roots which are not 
injured. These, if the fall be very favorable, and the winter does not 
commence too early, will often winter through and produce stem-bear- 
ing heads the following harvest. On the other hand, if the autumn be 
dry, or the ground be frozen early in the season, the crop will probably 
prove a failure. Thisis the reason why some fields will present a much 
better appearance the following June, and give a much better yield 
than could have been anticipated from appearances during the fall. The 
practical value of knowing how to detect the infested plants readily 
is in that the destruction may be observed and the damage estimated 
long before the foliage turns brown or yellow, and the fields be plowed 
up and resown or allowed to remain, as the owner judges best. If re- 
sown, it would seem best to replow also. Mr. W. A. Oliphant, of Pike 
County, southern Indiana, writing me in the fall of 1884, in reply to 
circular No. 1, stated that of 300 acres he had resown 200 acres after re- 
plowing, and 100 acres without piowing. The first yielded him 274 and 
the last 11 bushels per acre. 
The popular notion in regard to the effect of larvce on the straw is, 
so far as I know, usually correct. This year, however, has been an ex- 
ception, at least so far as southern and central Indiana is concerned. 
As far north at least as La Fayette the larve of the spring brood were 
located just above the roots, and the straw did not break at the lower 
joints, as is usually the case, but either fell or was blown over from the 
roots, the culm usually being uninjured elsewhere. I observed this to 
a very limited extent at Oxford, Indiana, in 1881. In fields about La 
Porte, in the northern part of the State, none of this lower attack of 
the plant was noticed, the larvie and later the puparia being invariably 
found just above some of the lower joints. Mr. James Fletcher, Do- 
minion entomologist of Canada, reported at the meeting of the En- 
tomological Club of the American Association for the Advancement 
of Science at Indianapolis that the wheat about Ottawa, Canada, had 
this year suffered from the attacks of larve of the spring brood in pre- 
cisely the same manner as I had observed at La Fayette and south- 
ward. Quite a percentage of the pupz in the fields about La Porte 
were located so high up the stem as to render it probable that they 
would be carried away with thestraw. As yet I have not found a good 
reason for this difference, but have a vague idea that the killing down 
of the plants during the preceding March migbt have had something 
to do with it, as this was less severe in the northern part of the State. 
THE EFEECT OF THE WEATHER ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FALL BROOD. 
It is quite probable that some autumns are more favorable for the development of 
the insect than others, but just what the favorable influences are is not well under- 
stood. Mr. Ratliff, at Richmond, saw an adult emerge from the pupa on October 16; 
the wheat which it infested appeared above ground on September4. Between these 
