THE IMPORTED ELM LEAF-BEETLE. 19 
used strong enough to cauterize the leaves the poisonous action upon 
the plant may be observed to continue for several weeks. 
Mechanical Means of applying the Poison—When many trees were to 
be sprayed a cart or wagon was employeil to 
haul the poison in a large barrel provided with 
a stirrer, force-pump, skid, &c. The following 
brief account of the skid, mixer, barrel, and 
pump may be reproduced here from our last 
Annual Report [for 1882]: 
f 2 Fic. 2.—Barrel rest or skid ; 
The skid is a simple frame to hold the horizontal barre] — two coupling cleats, bb: two 
from rolling, and consists of two pieces (Fig. 2 a a) of pe teats Peer Eee 
wood, about the length of the barrel, and in section about 
3 by 4 inches, joined parallel, apart from each other, by two cleats, b bs The inner 
upper angles may be cut to match the curve of the barrel, as at ec. The barrel being 
placed upon this frame is next to be filled. 
A good device for mixing the poison thoroughly with the water and for filling the 
barrel is shown in section in Fig. 3. It consists of a large funnel that will hold a 
bucketful, and has cylindrical sides, g g, that rest conformant on the barrel. In this 
is a gauze or finely perforated diaphragm, or septum, d, and a funnel base, tt, with 
its spout, p, inserted through the bung. 
Q 
ily a 
LLY. 
Fic. 3.—Stirrer pump with barrel and mixer funnel in section; fun- 
nel, uv ; its cvlindrical sides, gg: funnel base, tt; spout, p; (in bung- 
hole, &), gauze septum, d; barrel, kk; trunnions, ¢ ; trunnion eyes, 
e; wedzse, »; lever-fulerum, f; pump lever, ii; swing of the lever 
head and piston top, abe; cylinder packing cap, ¢ ; cylinder, g ; its 
swing, ey; stirrer loop or eye,h; stirrer bar, mn; rope, ww ; 
bung, r z. 
By reference to Fig. 3, the barrel, k, will be seen in section, and some of its details, 
together with those of the pump and stirrer, may be noticed. The fulcrum, f, has a 
foot below, screwed to the barrel. Through its top is a pivot, 0, on which tilts the 
pump-lever, /, which is similarly hinged at 6 to the top of the piston-rod, ¢t. The 
pump-eylinder, g, is also hung upon trunnions, i, projecting into eyes. In this illus- 
tration the eyes, ee, have each a neck fitting in a slot cut through the stave, oppo- 
sitely from the side of the bung-hole, and beneath the stave is a foot on the eye-piece. 
Its neck is so short that the eye is held down firmly against the top of the stave, 
while the foot is as tight against its under surface. The length of its eye-piece is a 
little less than the diameter of the bung-hole, into which it may be inserted to be 
