20 OUR SHADE TREES AND THEIR INSECT DHFOLIATORS. 
driven latterly into the slot. The slot is longer than the eye-piece, so the latter may 
be driven away from the bung-hole for a distance greater than the length of the trun- 
nion pivot. Then the pump being inserted, until these pivots come opposite the eyes, 
the latter may be driven back as sockets over the pivots, which play in them when 
the pump is worked. To hold these eyes toward the pump and upon the trunnions a 
wedge, v, is driven in the slot beyond each eye-piece. Thus the pump is easily at- 
tached or removed, and its union with the barrel is strong and firm. Perchance it be 
desired that this pump-hole be bunged, the side slots may be wedged to make the 
barrel tight. 
The parts of the pump being hung as described, the hinge, b, forms a toggle-joint, 
and in its action causes the pump to oscillate on its trunnions, its basal end swinging 
wider than its top, as indicated by the dotted line from z to y, Upon the extremity 
of this swinging end is a loop, hk, through which is passed the stirrer-bar, mn, made 
to sweep back and forth in the lower side of the barrel, thus to agitate and mix the 
substances considerably during the operation of the pump, every stroke of the handle 
causing one or two strokes of the stirrer. 
The method of inserting and extricating the stirrer-bar is as follows ~ It is raised 
with the pump until the end, m, comes opposite the bung-hole, x, through which the 
bar may be pulled out by the cord, w, which is attached to the end, n, and also prefer- 
ably to the bungsr and z,asshown. Through the same hole the bar may be inserted. 
This stirring device is the simplest in construction and operation of any yet contrived. 
While working as it does with reference to the concavity of the barrel it is perfectly 
effective. 
The pump is double-acting and very powerful, giving strong pressure 
to disperse the liquid far and finely, for, with the eddy-chamber nozzle 
used, the greater the pressure the finer is the liquid atomized. A block 
or other catch may be fixed on the side of the barrel to fit against the 
skid and prevent the barrel from rocking therein, as might otherwise 
happen when it is nearly empty if much power is applied. About one 
pailful of poisoned water was sprayed upon each tree. When only two 
or three trees were to be treated an Aquapult or other bucket-pump 
was used to force the poison from a bucket carried by hand. The Paris- 
green mixture needs to be almost constantly stirred, as this poison pre- 
cipitates quickly; bat with London purple the agitation is only ocea- 
sionally necessary. 
Connected with either pump is a long, flexible pipe, with its distal 
part stiff, and serving as along handle whereby to hold its terminal 
nozzle beneath the branches or very high up at a comfortable distance . 
from the person managing it. Parts of one form of this extension pipe 
are shown in Figs. 4 and 5. 
To the pump spout is attached the tong, 2-ply, flexile hose, h h, of 
4-inch caliber. Its considerable length, 12 feet or more, allows the noz- 
zle to be carried about the tree without moving the pump. Beyond its 
flexile part the hose, h, passes through a bamboo pole, b, from which 
the septa have been burned out by a hot iron rod. At the distal end of 
the pole the hose terminates in a nozzle, n or m. When the nozzle is in 
its natural position, m, the spray, 2, is thrown straight ahead, and this 
suits well for spraying very high branches, but for spraying the under 
surfaces of the lower parts of the tree it is necessary that the nozzle 
discharge laterally from the pipe, and this is accomplished with a noz- 
