30 OUR SHADE TREES AND THEIR INSECT DEFOLIATORS. 
back is velvety black with two bright yellow subdorsal lines, and an- 
other yellow line each side along the lower sides. The whole body is 
thinly clothed with long pale yellow hairs, originating from small wart- 
like elevations. Four cream-colored or white dense brushes of hair 
are in a row on the middle of the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh dor- 
sal joints, while from each side of the head arises a long plume-like’tuft 
of black hair projecting forward and outward. A similar plume pro- 
jects upwards from the last dorsal joint. The hairs composing these 
plumes are coarse, barbed, knobbed, and arranged in sets of unequal 
length, thus giving the plumes a turbinate appearance. 
Habits of the Larva.—The young caterpillars scatter all over the tree 
soon after hatching. When disturbed they make free use of a fine 
silken thread, which they spin, and by which they let themselves down. 
The full-grown larve are often seen to change quarters and travel from 
one branch to another, or from one tree to another. Their rather quiet 
way of moving contrasts strongly with the nervous movements of the 
Fall Web-worm. 
Pupation.—Six days after the third molt a portion of the larve spin 
up; all these produce male moths. The female caterpillars, which up 
to this time have been undistinguishable from the male caterpillars, 
undergo a fourth (and, as it appears from more recent experience, in 
some instances even a fifth) molt and acquire twice the size of the 
male caterpillar. This last, when full-grown, measures about 20 milli- 
meters in length. The cocoon spun by the male caterpillar is of whitish 
or yellowish color and sufficiently thin to show the inseet within. It 
consists of two layers, the hairs of the tufts and brushes of the cater- 
pillar being interwoven with the outer layer. The female cocoon is 
correspondingly larger, of gray color, and much more solid and denser 
than the male cocoon. The male chrysalis (Fig. 13 d), which is soon 
formed within the cocoon, is of brownish color, sometimes whitish on 
the ventral side, and covered on the back and sides with fine white 
hairs. The female chrysalis (Fig. 13 ¢) is much larger than the male, 
and otherwise differs, especially in lacking the wing-sheaths and in 
having on the three first segments after the head transverse, flattened 
protuberances composed of scales, which are much less visible in the. 
male. The duration of the pupa state is less than a fortnight. 
The Imago.—The male (Fig. 15) is a winged moth with feathery antne- 
: ne and very hairy forelegs. The general color is ashy- 
| gray, the front wings being crossed by undulated bands 
| | of darker shade, with two black markings on the 
| outer edge near the tip and a white spot on the inner 
edge also near the tip. He may frequently be seen 
sitting on the trunks of trees or on the shady side of 
i: houses, &¢., as he rests during the day and flies only 
NC ae | after dusk, often being attracted by light. The female 
eM stigma sauce” (Fig. 13 a) is totally different from the male in appear- 
