34 OUR SHADE TREES AND THEIR INSECT DEFOLIATORS. 
until the middle of August, reach full growth and wander about seek- 
ing places for transformation from the end of August to the end of Sep- 
tember. 
‘“‘The species invariably hibernates in the chrysalis state within its 
cocoon, and the issuing of the first brood of moths is, as a consequence, 
tolerably regular as to time, @. é., they will be found issuing and flying 
slowly about during the evening, and more particularly at night, dur- 
ing the whole month of May, the bulk of them early or late in the month, 
according as the season may be early or late. They couple and oviposit. 
very soon after issuing, and in ordinary seasons we may safely count on 
the bulk of the eggs being laid by the end of May. During the month 
of June the moths become scarcer and the bulk of them have perished 
by the middle of that month, while the webs of the caterpillars become 
more and more conspicuous. The second brood of moths begins to ap- 
pear in July, and its occurrence extends over a longer period than is 
the case with the first or spring brood. The second brood of eaterpil- 
lars may be found from the end of July to the end of September, hatch- 
ing most extensively, however, about the first of August. 
‘In Massachusetts and other Northern States the first moths issue 
in June and July; the caterpillars hatch from the last of June until 
the middle of August, reach full growth and wander about seeking 
places for transformation from the end of August to the end of Septem- 
ber. 
“The following general remarks upon the different stages refer to 
Washington and localities where the same conditions hold: 
The Eggs (Fig. 17, b).—‘vhe fe- 
male moth deposits her eggs in a 
cluster on a leaf, sometimes upon 
the upper and sometimes on the 
lower side, usually near the end of 
a branch. Each cluster consists of 
a great many eggs, which are depos- 
ted close together and in regular 
Fic. 17.—Hyphantria cunea: a, moth in posi- Mak 
tion on leaf laying eggs, side view; b, eggs TOWS, if the surface of the leaf per- 
enlarged. 
mits it. In three instances those 
deposited by a single female were counted. The result was 394, 427, 
and 502, or on an average 441 eggs. But in addition to such large 
clusters, each female will deposit eggs in smaller and less regular 
patches, so that at least 500 eggs may be considered as the real num- 
ber produced by a single individual. The egg, measuring 0.4 millime- 
ters, is of a bright golden-yellow color, quite globular, and ornamented 
by numerous regular pits, which give it under a magnifying lens the 
appearance of a beautiful golden thimble. As the eggs approach the 
time of hatching this color disappears and gives place to a dull leaden 
hue. 
‘‘The interval between the time of depositing and hatching of the 
