THE IMPORTED ELM LEAF-BEETLE. 9 
trating larva and pupa, and anatomical details. More recently M. 
Maurice Girard* has given a rather poor wood-cut illustration of the in- 
sect and its work, with the leading facts concerning its nomenclature 
and natural history as observed in Europe. Biological notes on the in- 
sect have also been given by Leinwebert and Kollar.{ 
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ea 
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cS 
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[ a J 
i 
1) 
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es 
Fic. 1.—Galeruca xanthomelana; a, eggs; b, laive; ¢c, adult; e, eggs (enlarged); f, sculpture of 
eges; g, larva (enlarged): h, side view of greatly enlarged segment of larva; 7, dorsal view of same; 
j, pupa (enlarged); k, beetle (enlarged) ; J, portion of elytron of beetle (greatly enlarged). 
‘In our country the life-history of the insect and its injury have been 
referred to by Harris, Fitch, Morris, Walsh, and ourselves, while the 
agricultural papers contain numerous references to the injury inflicted 
by theinsect. The perfect beetle has often been described in systematic 
works on Coleoptera. 
For these reasons we deem it unnecessary to enter here into a detailed 
description of the beetle and its earlier stages, but content ourselves 
with pointing out the more obvious characters, alluding to such facts of 
the life-history as are necessary to a full understanding of the nature of 
the remedies to be applied for this pest. 
The eggs are deposited in an upright position upon the under side of 
the leaves (Fig. 1 a), always in a group, consisting generally of two, 
rarely three, more or less irregular rows. The individual eggs are close 
_ * Note sur la Galéruque de l’orme, Bull. d’Insectologie Agricole, VIII, pp. 113-116. 
t Verhandlungen zodl.-bot., Ges., Wien, 1856, VI, Sitzb., pp.74, 75. 
+ Op. cit., 1858, VIII, pp.29, 30. 
