29 
ing the appearance of a ruptured sporangium of the ordinary Penicillium 
glauca or Mucor mucedo; hence I concluded that the cells were really 
sporangia, filled with spores. So far I have discovered no traces of my- 
celium, upon which these sporangia grow, and am thus led to conclude 
that they multiply by fission—probably external gemmation—and that 
after asporangium is thus produced its contents are again divided by a pro- 
cess of fission into numerousspores. <As this process was not really seen 
to take place, the foregoing remarks respecting it may be taken as being 
theoretical; yet, while making my observations, and particularly upon 
the slide treated with aniline green, I noticed a number of transparent 
nucleated bodies, of various sizes, approaching that of the large spher- 
ical cells, some of them exhibiting a slight, others a considerable, bulg- 
ing out of the cell wall together with the contents of the cell. In some 
of these, this bulging out had proceeded to a length equal to one-half 
the diameter of the cell itself, and left one to infer that a new cell was 
to be produced, and that, too, by a process of fission. Hence, my con- 
clusions as before mentioned. This, together with quite a number of the 
fully formed spherical bodies, was seen in material taken from a com- 
plete, perfect male. It is only proper to state that in this case the con- 
tents of the abdomen did not completely fill this cavity, and the ma- 
terial was in rather a semi-liquid state and exhibited also immense num- 
bers of minute spherical and rather long rod-shaped moving bodies 
which were doubtless bacteria. These latter were also found in other 
specimens in which the posterior segments were missing and the con- 
tents of the abdomen, although of the mealy character, were yet some- 
what moist, thus affording conditions for the growth and multiplication 
of bacteria. Being curious to know what could be discovered in the 
abdomen of a perfect and active male Cicada, I subjected some of the 
material to examination with a one-quarter inch objective and a 2-inch 
ocular and later with a l-inch ocular. In the field of the microscope were 
seen numerous flat bands, scattered about over and around each other 
irregularly. In great numbers were seen also very fine hair-like fila- 
ments which could be traced distinctly and were found to belong to the 
flat bands. These latter were made up of a large number of hair-like 
filaments arranged alongside of each other, which filaments emanated 
from each other as fibers from a large thread; each fiber preserving its 
identity, and not being given off as a branch whose identity is lost in 
its union with the main trunk. What these hair-like filaments really 
were, I was unable to make out.” 
I am satisfied that the greater number of Cicadas which escape a 
forcible death die from the effects of the fungus previously mentioned. 
As much time as possible was devoted to studying the enemies of the 
Cicada. Not only those species which kill them, but also those species 
which feed upon the dead insects were noted. Among birds the Eng- 
lish sparrow, Passer domesticus, Leach, is perhaps its greatest enemy. 
Within one week from the date of the appearance of the Cicada in 
