THE CITRUS WHITE FLY: HISTORICAL REVIEW. 13 
counties were reported more or less infested without reference to 
definite localities: Baker, Jefferson, Leon, and Brevard. 
Messrs. Riley and Howard and Dr. H. J. Webber advance no theo- 
ries in regard to the original Florida infestations. Prof. Gossard, 
however, has the following to say in regard to the matter: 
The fly seems to have been first known throughout the region comprised in Volusia, 
Marion, Lake, Alachua, and Orange Counties, from which I have little or no doubt 
it was transferred to the Manatee country and to local centers along the northern 
borders of the State. 
According to reliable information received from Mr. M. S. More- 
man, of Switzerland, Fla.; Mr. A. M. Terwilliger, of Mims, Fla., and 
Mr. T. V. Moore, of Miami, Fla., the citrus white fly appeared in the 
northern part of St. Johns County at a date which indicates that this 
section was one of the first or possibly the first to be infested in the 
State of Florida. Mr. Terwilliger informs us that he first observed 
the white fly at Fruit Cove on the St. Johns River in 1879 in a grove 
of large seedling trees owned by Col. McGill. The McGill grove 
adjoined the grove of the Rev. T. W. Moore, whose son, Mr. T. V. 
Moore, corroborates Mr. Terwilliger on the point of the occurrence 
of the white fly in this section prior to 1880. According to Mr. 
Moreman the white fly was known in the vicinity of Switzerland on 
the St. Johns River in 1882, and was first discovered in his own groye 
in 1888. The species concerned is with little doubt the citrus white 
fly, A. citri, for the authors and Mr. W. W. Yothers have been unable 
to find specimens of any other species at Switzerland or St. Augus- 
tine, the two points visited in the northern part of St. Johns County, 
or at Green Cove Springs, located a few miles below Switzerland on 
the west side of the St. Johns River in Clay County. These early 
reports of the citrus white fly in this section of the State are supported 
by the fact that the earliest collected specimens of this species in the 
collection of the Bureau of Entomology bear the date 1888 and the 
locality label ‘‘St. Nicholas,” a point located in Duval County about 
15 miles north of Fruit Cove. 
Interesting information concerning the early history of white-fly 
‘infestations in Florida has been obtained from Messrs. Borland and 
Kells, citrus growers at Buckingham, Lee County, Fla., formerly of 
Citra, Marion County. According to these gentlemen, the presence 
at or near Panasoffkee, in Sumter County, Fla., of a small white 
insect which caused blackening of the foliage of orange trees became 
known among orange growers around Citra, at that time in the 
heart of the orange-growing district of Florida, in 1881 or 1882. 
The grove of Bishop Young, of Panasoffkee, was one of the first 
reported infested. It is believed that Bishop Young, after traveling 
in Asia (Palestine ?), brought back with him plants which he set out, 
and in a year or two thereafter blackening of the foliage of near-by 
