14 WHITE FLIES INJURIOUS TO CITRUS IN FLORIDA. 
citrus trees in association with a new insect pest first became notice- 
able. The white fly affecting citrus trees at Panasoffkee was exter- 
minated by the freeze of 1894-1895 and, so far as the authors can 
learn, has not reappeared. There seems to be at present no means of 
determining whether the report given above refers to the citrus 
white fly or to the cloudy-winged white fly. 
Mr. A. J. Pettigrew, of Manatee, Fla., a reliable observer who has 
been in the citrus nursery and orange-growing business in Manatee 
County since 1884 and who has been familiar with the white fly since 
its first discovery in that country, has furnished the authors with a 
statement concerning the early history of the pest in that section of 
Florida. According to Mr. Pettigrew, Messrs. C. H. Foster and F. N. 
Horton each received from Washington, D. C., 6 tangerine trees in 
1886 or 1887—as near as can be determined at this time, although 
possibly earlier by a year or two. A year or two after the trees were 
received and planted, the fly was noted by Mr. Pettigrew as abundant 
on a rough lemon near one of these tangerines, and the following year 
it was first noted as abundant in a seedling orange grove near by. 
At Mr. Pettigrew’s suggestion specimens were sent to the Department 
of Agriculture at Washington and identified as a white fly. These 
specimens were probably sent to Washington in 1891, for a letter 
from Mr. Foster, dated January 8 of that year, was published in 
Insect Life! with the reply. The oldest specimens of the citrus 
white fly now in the collection of this bureau, which were collected 
in Manatee County, Fla., bear the date of March 5, 1891, with ‘‘Man- 
tee”? as the locality record. These were probably sent in by Mr. 
Foster in connection with later correspondence than that referred 
to above. 
Concerning the history of the citrus white fly in Louisiana, Prof. 
H. A. Morgan in 1893 made the following statement: 
This pest, common from Baton Rouge to the Gulf, is known as the white fly. Orange 
growers claim that it has been recently introduced—that is, within the last ten years— 
and it is supposed to have come in upon plants brought to the New Orleans exposition 
in the year 1885. The present wide distribution of the white fly in the southeastern 
United States is due to the lack of restrictions, until very recently, against shipments 
of infested nursery stock and of privets and the Cape jessamine. 
LITERATURE. 
The citrus white fly was first given a valid scientific name and 
adequately described by Riley and Howard in an article published 
in Insect Life? in April, 1893. Following the account of the early 
history heretofore quoted, these authors describe the different stages 
of the insect in detail, give an account of the habits and life history, 
and give records with discussion of results obtained by a correspondent 



1Tnsect Life, vol. 4, p. 274. 2Id., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 219-226, 1893. 
