10 
WHITE FLIES INJURIOUS TO CITRUS IN FLORIDA. 
SPECIES OF WHITE FLIES AFFECTING CITRUS. 
Twelve species and one subspecies of the family Aleyrodide are 
known to breed uj 
yon citrus. 
The list of these insects, the authority 
for the original description, the recorded distribution, and the food- 
plant records are given in Table I: 
TABLE I.—Aleyrodidzx that breed upon citrus. 

Species. 

Aleyrodes citri (syn. au- 
rantii).! 
Aleyrodes floccosa. ....-..--- 
Aleyrodes floridensis. ...-.- 
Aleyrodes giffardi 
Aleyrodes howardi 
Aleyrodes marlatti 
Aleyrodes mori 
Aleyrodes mori arizonensis . 
Aleyrodes nubifera 
Aleyrodes spinifera ........- 
Aleyrodes struthanthi...-.- 
Aleyrodes vitrinellus?...... 
Paraleyrodes persee......-. 

Described by— 
Riley and How- 
ard. 
| Maskell <i aos me 
Quaintance......- 
Kotinsky.:.=.=-s< 
Quaintance....... 
Quaintance.....--. 
Elem pele ses =e 
Cockerell-..----- =. 
Quaintance......- 

Occurrence. 


North and South America, 
Asia, Japan. 
Mexico, Jamsica-o2.----- 
United States (Florida).... 
Japan... .3-..2.ces eeeeeee 
United States (Florida)... 
United States (Arizona)... 
United States (Florida, 
Louisiana), Cuba. 
JAVA. So chaeceetecces sone 
United States (Florida)... 

Food plants other than 
citrus. 
See list, p. 29. 
Guaiacum officinale. 
Persea gratissima (alligator 
ear), Psidium guajava 
guava). 
None recorded. 
Do. 
Rosa spp. 
Michelia flava, Loranthus 
(struthansus) flexicaulis. 
ayes recorded. 
0. 

1Mr. A. L. Quaintance, after careful comparison of material from Maskell’s collection, evidently type 
material, with A. citri, concluded that Maskell’s aurantii was the same as Riley and Howard’s citri. Through 
the kindness of Mr. Quaintance the authors have had an opportunity to examine the material referred to 
and agree with him in considering aurantii a synonym of citri. 
2 There seems to be some doubt as to the identity of the food plant of this species, for in connection with 
the description the authority for it gives the following food plant record: ‘‘On the under side of leaves which 
appear to be those of orange. 
” 
Of the Aleyrodide referred to above, A. citri, A. giffardi, A. howardi 
(Pl. II, figs. 2, 4), and A. nubifera are known to be orange pests or 
capable of becoming orange pests. 
A, floridensis, A. mori (Pl. II, 
fig. 1), A. mori arizonensis, and Paraleyrodes persex (PI. II, fig. 3) 
apparently are not likely to cause injury to citrus, while the remainder 
of those listed are doubtful in this respect. 
Paraleyrodes persezx is found in all sections of Florida and is fre- 
quently quite abundant, but in only one instance has it been known 
to cause blackening of the foliage of citrus trees. 
This was in the 
winter of 1906-7 and occurred in a pinery where in one section citrus 
In the course of two or three months 
after being first noticed the insects were reduced to the point of 
scarcity through parasitism by a new species of Encarsia, which 
Dr. L. O. Howard has described under the name of Encarsia variegata. 
Observations extending over three years indicate that this parasite 
will effectively control P. persee and that it is unlikely that this 
aleyrodid will ever cause noticeable injury under ordinary conditions. 
It is, however, possible that the appearance of a prolific hyperparasite 
of Encarsia variegata might seriously interfere with the present equi- 
nursery trees were 
librium in nature. 
being grown. 
