THE SUGAR-CANE INSECTS OF HAWAII 
LOCATION AND CLIMATE OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
The mid-Pacific Territory of Hawaii (see Plate I) is situated 2,100 
miles to the southwest from San Francisco, the California coast 
being the nearest continental area. The islands are separated by 
channels varying from 20 to 58 miles in width. The 8 inhabit- 
able islands, Hawaii, Maui, Oahu, Kauai, Molokai, Lanai, Kahoolawe, 
and Nihau, lie between 18° 54’ and 22° 15’ north latitude; that is, 
the northern limit of the islands is just within the Tropics. The 
climate of the entire group is, however, only subtropical, due largely 
to the prevailing northeasterly trade winds, the cool ocean currents 
from the north, and the relatively low humidity. The temperature 
varies according to the altitude and the location of the land as 
regards the higher mountains. The formation of the islands is of 
recent volcanic nature, with the exception of the low-lying coastal 
plains, which are of coral origin. 
The annual maximum temperature ranges from 88° to 90° F., 
while the annual minimum temperature recorded ranges from 52° to 
58° F. A temperature of 29° F. has been recorded at an altitude of 
6,685 feet, and freezing temperatures are of frequent occurrence at 
these high altitudes. The rainfall varies in amount with the locality. 
Places within a few miles of each other are known to differ more than 
100 inches in average annual rainfall. The sides of the islands 
exposed to the northeast trade winds have abundant rains, while the 
opposite sides have little and some localities hardly any. 
The soils of the islands are exceedingly fertile and when properly 
cultivated yield abundant crops. 
THE SUGAR INDUSTRY IN HAWAII. 
The production of sugar is the leading industry in the Hawaiian 
Islands. Sugar cane is grown on four of the islands. The island of 
Hawaii has the largest acreage devoted to cane, Oahu, Maui, and 
Kauai coming next in importance in the order named. There are 
more than 200,000 acres planted to cane in the islands. In, 1908 
521,000 tons of raw sugar were produced, having a value of more 
than $40,000,000. The average yield of sugar per acre is 44 tons. 
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