THE LEAFHOPPER AND BEEKEEPING. 21 
corresponds with the advent of the sugar-cane leafhopper into the 
cane fields, and the recent extensive proportions which the bee- 
keeping business in the islands is assuming is in the vicinity of the 
immense areas of land given to cane culture.? (See fig. 2.) 
The principal source of floral honey in the islands is the flowers of 
the algeroba (Prosopis juliflora). The total production of this floral 
honey does not exceed 600 tons. The output of honey for 1910 in 
the islands exceeds 1,000 tons, and the remaining 400 tons consists 
almost entirely of the product gathered from the honeydew of the 
sugar-cane leafhopper. Some 100 tons of this forms a_ typical 

Fia. 2.—An apiary near a sugar-cane field. (From Phillips.) 
honeydew honey, the remaining amount consisting of natural blends 
of these two types. 
Honeydew honey from the sugar-cane leafhopper is noncrystal- 
lizable and usually of a very dark color. The aroma is very similar 
to that of molasses and the taste insipid. The product is abnor- 
mally high in ash, the amount ranging from 1 to 2 per cent, and it 
has a decided right-handed polarization, while the floral or algeroba 
honey is low in ash and has a left-handed rotation, which is 

Van Dine, D. L.—The Source and Characteristics of Hawaiian Honeys. 
<Hawaii Agr. Exp. Sta., Bul. 17, Pt. I, pp. 1-12, 1908. 
Puitures, E. F.—A brief survey of Hawaiian Bee Keeping. <U.S. Dept. Agr., 
Bur. Ent., Bul. 75, Pt. V, Jan. 19, 1909. 
