44 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FORESTS. 
In incipient colonies nymphs are not produced during the first year 
that the colony is established, but are developed every year in old, 
well-established colonies. Nor are nymphs of the first form produced 
the first year in “orphaned” colonies. Nymphs of the second form 
are commonly to be found during the latter part of April to early 
May in Virginia (March in North Carolina), and they occur in vary- 
ing numbers associated with nymphs of the first form. Nymphs of 
both forms are well developed by the middle of September of the year 
in which sexual maturity is attained, in flavipes. 
Colonizing individuals of flavipes appear from the early part of 
April to May in Virginia and Maryland (earlier in infested buildings). 
In the case of virginicus they do not appear till a month later, or the 
end of May or early June in Virginia and Maryland. After having 
attained the mature pigmentation they soon swarm. 
The royal individuals of flavipes—the pairs of winged sexed adults 
that have swarmed—are to be found together in the royal cell. In 
incipient colonies of termites, unlike the other social insects, the male 
assists in the establishment of the colony and continues to cohabit 
with the queen, there being repeated coition. 

NEOTEINIC REPRODUCTIVE FORMS. 
Neoteinic reproductive forms are normally(?)* developed from 
nymphs of the second form after the swarm; the males continue to 
cohabit with the females. Immature neoteinic reproductive forms 
are to be found at the time the winged sexed adults are attaining 
mature pigmentation—the end of April in Virginia. Maturity is 
probably attained shortly after the swarm, namely, May to June, 
although mature neoteinic reproductive forms have been found before 
the swarm. 
In ease of virginicus, neoteinic reproductive forms, produced from 
nymphs of the second form, are matured, fertilized, and egg laying 
by July to August. In case of flavipes, these reproductive forms 
are matured by May to June. There is a seasonal variation. 
WORKERS. 
Workers are always present in colonies except those just estab- 
lished by colonizing sexed adults; they are permanently present in 
the colony and constitute the most numerous caste. 

a These forms can be produced at any time necessary. On April 9, 1912, a decaying 
stump infested with flavipes was removed from the forest and placed in the termi- 
tarium; this was at a time when the nymphs of the first form were nearly mature. 
On November 18 the termites had entered the ground and two neoteinic ergatoid(?) 
forms were found about 3 to 4 inches below the surface in chambers in the earth. No 
nymphs of the first form were present. They could be distinguished from the workers 
by the larger size, distended abdomen, straw-colored pigmentation, and sharper seg- 
mentation of the abdomen. Rudimentary wing pads were present. The antennz 
had 15 to 16 segments. Workers solicited drops of liquid from the female by stroking 
the abdomen with their palpi. 
