THE TIMOTHY STEM-BORER. a 
as feet; the body is then braced by fixing the spines of the anal seg- 
ment against the opposite wall of the stem; the maxille and true feet 
then advance the thorax and head. By executing these movements 
almost simultaneously the larvee can move quite rapidly. In going 
backward the movements are reversed. The dorsal feet or tubercles 
and the anal spines enable the larva to support itself in the stem. 
THE MOVEMENTS OF THE LARVA OUTSIDE THE STEM. 
Naturally enough, as the larva seems peculiarly adapted for move- 
ment in a small hollow stem, when it is placed on a flat surface it 
appears wholly at a loss how to proceed. It arches its body and 
turns on its side, going through the same movements as though it 
were in a stem, but it moves very slowly. It then turns on its back 
and tries to walk on its dorsal feet. By bringing all of its knowledge 
of the different ways of walking to bear on the problem, it moves 
slowly, in a drunken way, to a protecting object, if any be near. 
THE PUPA. 
When ready to pupate, the larva (Plate I, a) reverses its position 
in the stem and ascends to a point anywhere between the first joint 
from the root and the first or second jot from the top, depending 
upon whether the timothy has been cut or not. Plate I, 6, shows 
a larva ready to pupate, just below the second joint from the root. 
It probably locates most often just above the first or second joint 
from the root. It then seals up the stem above and below with 
detritus, making a cell of from 1 to 2 inches in length. It will reseal 
a stem if interfered with, but if its burrow be molested many times 
it will live for weeks and not pupate, finally dying. 
After inclosing itself within this cell the larva becomes sluggish, 
contracts slightly, and thickens perceptibly in the thoracic region. 
It soon casts its larval skin and becomes a fully developed pupa. 
In Plate I, c, is seen a pupa in its cell just above the second joint 
from the root. After pupation it is a pale cream color, gradually 
changing to a brownish tint. 
THE MOVEMENTS OF THE PUPA IN THE STEM. 
The movements of the pupa in ascending and descending the 
stem are fully as complicated and interesting as in the case of the 
larva. In moving up the stem, the spurs of the last segment are 
planted firmly in the wall; the body is then bowed ventrally and 
the spines of the dorsal tubercles are brought forward and fixed 
in the wall; then by quickly releasing the anal spines, with the 
long pointed pygidium of the eighth segment, they and the dorsal 
tubercles act as levers and thus propel it up the stem. By executing 
these evolutions quickly they can move with considerable rapidity. 
