26 PAPERS ON CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS. 
them are forced to seek their food elsewhere. They usually find this 
in kafir cane fields, and among some of the grasses, where they reach 
maturity. From here they go to.winter quarters before cold weather. 
STATUS OF THE CHINCH-BUG PROBLEM IN KANSAS, MISSOURI 
AND OKLAHOMA. 
That theseasons of 1907 to 1910 have been favorable for the develop- 
ment of chinch bugs in Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma is indicated by 
reports of injury to crops 
received during these years. 
The prevalence of the pest 
and its depredations depend 
upon meteorological condi- 
tions to agreat extent, as has 
been discovered by ento- 
mologists in the past, and 
Fic. 13.—Chinch bug: a,b, Eggs; c, newly hatched larva, or this fact is clearly brought 
nymph; d, its tarsus; e, larva after first molt; f, same after out by the observations 
second molt; g, last-stage larva; the natural sizes indicated 1 ike : é 
at sides; h, enlarged leg of perfect bug; j, tarsus of same, 1ereln recorded and made 
pao enlarged; i, proboscis or beak, enlarged. (From during the four seasons from 
; 1907 to 1910, inclusive. 
The bugs were very numerous in wheat fields in the early spring 
of 1907 and deposited numbers of eggs on the young wheat plants. 
Much wheat had been destroyed by the “green bug”’ (Toxoptera 
graminum Rond.) during the spring, and many farmers had plowed 
up their fields and planted them to corn; sometimes they did not use 
the gang plow, but planted the corn with a combination lister and 
planter. There were large numbers of eggs 
and young of chinch bugs on this more or less 
dead wheat that was plowed under, and ap- 
parently very few were destroyed during the 
operation of preparing the ground for planting 
the corn. As soon as the corn plants pushed 
through the soil they were attacked by the 
young chinch bugs, with the result that a large 
amount of young corn was ruined by them. 
In the fields of wheat that had not been 
plowed under in the spring there were also 
numbers of bugs, and at harvest time these 
3 Fra. 14.—Chinch bug (Blissus leu- 
found their way to other fields of young corn, — copterus): Adult of long-winged 
where they inflicted considerable damage. ae 1S enlarged. (From 
The summer and fall were favorable for their cr 
development, and great numbers went into hibernation in grasses. 
The spring of 1908 opened the first week of March with warm, dry 
weather and a deficiency of moisture which was alarming for this 
season of the year and which had a telling effect on young wheat. 
The chinch bugs flocked to the young wheat from their winter quar- 


