40 PAPERS ON CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS. 
In experiments conducted by Dr. Forbes in 1888 ¢ bugs buried 
with wheat at a depth of 6 inches were alive after five days and some 
buried 5 inches came to the surface. The earth was packed over 
these to imitate rolling. 
E. M. Shelton,” from observations in Kansas, writes: 
Chinch bugs plowed under with youngewheat to a depth of 8 inches May 9-10—the 
ground afterwards harrowed and repeatedly rolled—nevertheless emerged in enormous 
numbers (some having apparently hatched in the earth), escaped from the plots and 
attacked adjacent crops. 
Because of the wheat being winter-killed in central and southern 
Kansas and northern Oklahoma during the winter of 1909 and 1910 
many of the wheat fields containing young and old bugs and eggs 
were listed during April, at the time when the eggs were hatching. 
In many cases corn was listed directly into the wheat ground, tear- 
ing up the young wheat, but not entirely destroying all of it between 
the rows of corn. The eggs and young bugs were buried from 1 to 
6 inches. The undestroyed wheat was soon covered with young 
bugs, which afterwards attacked the corn as soon as it appeared 
above the ground. 
Even in fields where no wheat was visible after listing the corn 
was entirely destroyed. There is every reason, the authors believe, 
for presuming that the eggs hatched beneath the ground, and the 
young, after feeding there, had found their way to the surface and 
to the corn. Corn listed in fallow ground was free from bugs. 
Planting of corn in wheat fields badly infested with chinch bugs is 
not advisable, and is generally attended by the complete destruction 
of the corn. When a badly infested crop is plowed under it should 
be followed by a crop not affected by chinch bugs, such as cowpeas, 
soy beans, alfalfa, or clover. Plowing the bugs under as a means of 
destruction is not recommended unless in connection with a trap 
crop, the work being thoroughly done and followed by harrowing 
and rolling or otherwise packing the surface of the ground. 
PARASITIC FUNGI. 
EARLY OBSERVATIONS. 
The susceptibility of the chinch bug to a contagious fungous disease 
was first observed by Dr. Henry Shimer in Illinois in 1865. Since 
that time two fungi have been found, which are credited with being 
fatal to this insect. These have been determined as Hntomophthora 
aphidis Hoffman, and Sporotrichum globuliferum Speg. Of these two 
fungi, Sporotrichum (known by farmers as ‘‘fungous disease” or 
‘white fungus’) appears the most abundant in localities badly 


4 16th Rept., State Ent. Ill., p. 45. 
b Bul. No. 4, Kans. Agr. Exp. Sta. 
