54 PAPERS ON CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS. 
perhaps miner importance. The species was studied to some extent 
in Illinois several years ago by Dr. S. A. Forbes, State entomologist 
of Illinois, and his assistants, the results obtained by him being 
published later by Dr. Forbes under the name Sphenophorus cariosus 
Oliv. Information from that source is also embodied herein. 
The author does not himself assume credit or responsibility, except 
where indicated in the text. Where so many individual investigators 
have contributed results of observations and studies, it becomes the 
duty of some one to act as spokesman and put the matter in shape for 
publication, and this duty the author has endeavored to fulfill. 
In his paper relating to this and other species of the genus Dr. 
F. H. Chittenden,! of the Bureau of Entomology, came to the con- 
clusion that S. sculptilis Horn is a synonym of S. callosus and that 
S. sculptilis Uhler is a synonym of 8. eariosus Oliv.; also that in many 
cases specimens received by him showed that references to either of 
these three specieserelated properly to S. callosus. It is upon these 
conclusions that many of the facts herein given are based. 
HISTORY OF THE SPECIES. 
The insect was first described by Olivier in 1807, from ‘‘Carolina,” 
as Calandra callosa.2. This locality, now somewhat vague, will, as 
shown in figure 17, apply almost equally well to both this species and 
S. maidis. 
While it does not seem possible that this particular species of 
insect could have existed all of these years in that section of the 
country—one of the earliest settled, and therefore one of the first 
to be brought under cultivation—without doing injury to corn and 
rice, yet as a matter of fact over half a century did elapse before proof 
of its ravages, accompanied by specimens of the beetles, were in the 
possession of the Department of Agriculture. 
BUREAU NOTES. 
June 1, 1880, specimens of the beetle were received from Mr. E. T. 
Stackhouse, of Marion, S. C., who accused them of damaging young 
growing corn in his neighborhood. 
May 27, 1884, a report was received from Prof. J. A. Holmes, of 
Chapel Hill, N. C., that this species was injurious to corn near Bay- 
boro, N.C., where it is known as ‘‘kaloo bug’’; also that the belief was 
prevalent there that the ‘‘insect winters in the rice stubble.” 
This species, specimens of which were kindly loaned Dr. Chittenden 
for identification by Messrs. Forbes and Hart, is recorded in the pub- 
lished notes of the State entomologist of Illinois as injuring corn at 

1 Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 166-182, 1906. 
2 Hist. Nat. des Ins., vol. 5, p. 92, pl. 27, fig. 416, 1807. 
