‘ 
THE SO-CALLED ‘‘ CURLEW BUG.”’ 63 
It burrows its way downward through the center of the lower stem 
into the main root or taproot and, unless this is entirely eaten away, 
probably finishes its development there. Although we have not 
observed it, it seems quite likely that under certain conditions it may 
transform to the pupa in the earth outside of the plant. 
Studies carried out by Mr. Kelly at Wellington, Kans., have shown 
that the larval stage may occupy from 37 to 41 days—the latter 
period in most of his experiences. 
THE PUPA. 
(Fig. 20.) 
Pupation in the crowns of chufa takes place normally in cocoons 
formed of dried castings, but in cases where the crowns have been 
much eaten away, the larva before transforming evidently falls out 
and pupates in the earth nearby, generally within an inch or less of 
the crown. In the earth a cell is made by the . 
larva, which turns round and round, thus forming 
quite a distinct earthen cocoon. In one instance | 
noted by Mr. Caudell, a pupal case or cocoon was 
found on chufa about 2 inches above the ground, 
indicating that the larva had floated to the surface 
of the water, the plants being submerged at the 
time. - 
In corn plants pupation takes place in the larval 
chambers as shown in figure 21, c. 
A larva noted by Chittenden transformed to pupa 
August 22, and the beetles issued September 1, the 
period of the pupal stage having been about 94 
days. As the weather during this time was con- yy, 9 The “curlew 
siderably over 80° F., and quite humid, 9 days is _ bug:” Pupa. Greatly 
probably the minimum pupal period for this species, ©" "8° (Omsinal.) 
Of a number reared by Mr. Kelly at Wellington, Kans., during 
August, 1910, one pupated in 9 days, while three others pupated in 
13 days. 

THE ADULT. 
(Fig. 16.) 
This species was first described by Olivier in 1807.1. In his paper 
entitled “‘New species of Sphenophorus with notes on described 
forms,” ? Dr. Chittenden has fully discussed this species as follows: 
This species was united by LeConte * and Horn with cariosus Ol., but wrongly so, as 
I shall attempt to prove. Olivier’s description reads in substance as follows: 
_Body black with dark cinereous coating. Antennae brownish black, shining, 
cimereous at apex. Rostrum black, dark cinereous at base. Thorax uneven, ‘‘and 

1 Calandra callosa Olivier, Hist. Nat. des Ins., vol. 5, p. 92, pl. 28, fig. 416, 1807. 
2 Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 176-177, Mar. 9, 1906. 
3 Rhynch. N. A., p. 425. 
