54 COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 
Among the Quadrupeds we find a few special contriv- 
ances, as the trunk of the Elephant, and the long tongues 
of the Giraffe and Ant-eater; but, as a rule, the teeth are 
the chief organs of prehension, always aided more or less 
by the lips. Ruminants, like the Ox, having hoofs on 
their feet, and no upper front teeth, employ the lips and 
tongue. Such as can stand erect on the hind legs, as the 
Squirrel, Bear, and Kangaroo, 
use the front limbs for holding 
the food and bringing it to the 
mouth, but never one limb alone. 
The clawed animals, like the Cat 
and Lion, make use of their feet 
in securing prey, all fonr limbs 
being furnished with curved re- 
tractile claws; but the food is 
conveyed into the mouth by the 
movement of the head-and jaws. 
Man and the Monkeys employ 
the hand in bringing food to the 
mouth, and the lips and tongue 
Fie. 17_Arm ofthe Thumbless i! taking it into the cavity. The 
Monkey (A teles). thumb on the human hand is 
longer and more perfect than that of the Apes and Mon- 
keys; but the foot of the latter is also prehensile. 
2. The Mouths of Animals.—In the Parasites, as the 
Tape-worm, which absorb nourishment through the skin, 
and Insects, as the May-fly and Bot-fly, which do all their 
eating in the larval state, the mouth is either wanting or 
rudimentary.” The Ameeba, also, has no mouth proper, 
but wraps itself around its food. 
In the Animaleules it is simply a round or oval open- 
ing to the body-cavity, generally bordered with cilia, and 
situated on the side of the body, or at one extremity. 
An elliptical or quadrangular orifice, surrounded with 
