HOW ANIMALS EAT. aw 
Fig. 19.— Mouth of a Locust dissected: 1, labrum, or upper lip; 2, mandibles; 3, 
jaws; 4, labium, or lower lip; 5, tongue. The appendages to the maxille and 
lower lip are palpi. 
upper jaws provided with a short feeler, below which is a 
thin bifid tongue; then follow two pairs of membranous 
under jaws, which are lobed and hairy; and next, three 
pairs of feet changed into jaws (Fig. 244). The Horse-shoe 
Crab has no jaws, the thighs answering the purpose. The 
Barnacle has a prominent mouth, with three pairs of rudi- 
mentary jaws. 
With few exceptions, the mouths of Insects in the larval, 
or caterpillar, state are fitted only for biting, the two jaws 
being horny shears. But in the winged, or perfect, state, 
