58 
Fre. 20.—Head of a Wild Bee (An- 
thophora retusa), front view: 4a, 
b, clypeus ; 
three simple eyes; d, antenne; e, 
labrum: 7, mandibles; 7, maxille; 
h, maxillary palpi; l, palpiper; J, 
labial palpi; m, paraglosse; k, 
compound eyes; 
ligula. 
of taking food. 
In the 
COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 
Insects may be divided into the 
masticating (as the Beetle) and 
the suctorial (as the Butterfly). 
In the former group, the oral 
apparatus consists of two pairs 
of horny jaws (mandibles and 
maxille), which work horizon- 
tally between an upper (labrum) 
and an under (labiwm) lip. The 
maxillze and under lip carry sen- 
sitive jointed threads, or feelers 
(palpi). The front edge of the 
labium is commonly known as 
the tongue (Z¢gula)." In such 
a mouth, the mandibles are the 
most important parts; but in 
passing to the suctorial Insects 
we find that the mandibles are 
secondary to the maxillze and la- 
bium, which are the only means 
Bee tribe, we have a transition 
between the biting and the sucking Insects—the up- 
per jaws “supply 
the place of trow- 
els, spades, pickaxes, 
saws, scissors, and 
knives,” while the 
maxillee are develop- 
ed into a sheath to 
inclose the long, slen- 
der, hairy tongue 
which laps up the 
sweets of flowers. In 
the suctorial DButter- 
fly, the lips, mandi- 
Fie. 21.—Proboscis of a Butterfly. 
