THE ALIMENTARY CANAL. 87 
or opening, leading into the intestines 
is called pyloric. In the Carnivores, 
Apes, and most odd-toed quadrupeds, 
the stomach resembles that of Man. 
That of the toothless Ant-eater has 
the lower part turned into a kind of 
gizzard for crushing its food. The Fre.52.—stomach of the Por- 
é Cats poise: ¢, cardiac ; p, pyloric. 
Elephant’s is subdivided by numerons * pat 
folds. In the Horse, it is constricted in the middle; and 
in the Rodents, Porpoises, and Kangaroos, the constriction 
is carried so far as to make two or three sections. But 
animals that chew the cud (Ruminants) have the most 
complex stomach. It 
is divided into four 
peculiar chambers: 
First, the paunch 
(rumen), the largest 
of all, receives the 
half-masticated food 
when first swallowed. 
Fic. 53.—Stomach of the Lion: ce, cardiac orifice, or The inner surface is 
entrance of esophagus; p, pyloric. covered with papillee, 
except in the Camel, which has large cells for storing up 
water. From this, the food passes into the honey-comb 
stomach (reticulum), so named from its structure. Liq- 
uids swallowed usually go directly to this cavity, without 
passing through the paunch, and hence it is sometimes 
AI 
Fre. 54. Complex Stomach of a Ruminant: a, gullet; b, ramen, or paunch; e, reticu- 
lum; d, psalterium, or manyplies; e, abomasus ; J, pylorus leading to duodenum. 
