THE CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS. 229 
animals, and find that the first are carnivorous—that they 
seize and tear their prey; while the others are herbivorous, 
or grazing, animals, living only on vegetable substances, 
which they chew and grind. We compare, further, the 
Horse and Cow, and find that the Horse has front teeth 
both in the upper and the lower jaw, while the Cow has 
them only in the lower; and going still further, and com- 
paring the internal with the external features, we find this 
arrangement of the teeth in direct relation to the differ- 
ent structure of the stomach in the two animals—the Cow 
having a stomach with four pouches, while the Horse has 
a simple stomach. Comparing the Cow and Deer, we find 
the digestive apparatus the same in both; but though both 
have horns, those of the Cow are hollow, and last through 
life ; while those of the Deer are solid, and are shed every 
year. Looking at the feet, we see that the herbivorous 
animals are hoofed; the carnivorous, clawed. The Cow 
and Deer have cloven feet, and are ruminants; the Horse 
has a single hoof, and does not chew the cud. The Dog 
and Cat walk on the tips of their fingers and toes (digiti- 
grade); the Bear treads on the palms and soles (planti- 
grade). The claws of the Cat are retractile; those of the 
Dog and Bear are fixed. 
In this way we determine the exact place of each ani- 
mal. The Dog belongs to the kingdom Anzmalza, sub- 
kingdom Vertebrata, class Mammalia, order Carnivora, 
family Canide, genus Canis, species Kamiliaris, variety 
Flound (it may be), and its individual name, perhaps, is 
“Rover.” The Cat differs in belonging to the family 
Felide, genus Felis, species Catus. The Bear belongs to 
the family Ursidew, genus Ursus, and species Lerow, if the 
Grizzly is meant. The Horse, Cow, and Deer belong to 
the order Ungulata; but the Horse is of the family 
Equide, genus Equus, species Caballus ; the Cow is of 
the family Bovide, genus Bos, species Taurus; the Deer 
