GASTEHOPODA. 131 



Melania, Lam. 



Et)/m., Melania, blackness (from 



Type, M. amarula. PL VIII., fig. 25. 



Sy7i. Thiara, ]\Iegerle. Pyrgula, Crist. 



BJiell turreted, apex acute (unless eroded) ; whirls ornamented with stritc 

 or spines ; apertm-e oval, pointed above : outer Lip sharp, sinuous ; operculum 

 subspiral. PI. VIII., fig. 35*. 



Bistr., 160 sp. S. Europe, India, Philippines, Pacific Islands. Distinct 

 groups in the southern states of N. America. 



Fossil, 25 sp. Eocene — . Europe (v. chemnitzia). 



Sub-genera. Melanatna, Bowdich. M. fluniinea* PI. VIII., fig. 26. 

 Apertm-e somewhat produced iu frout ; operculum with rather numerous 

 whirls. This section includes some of the largest sp. of the genus, and is well 

 typified by the fossil, M. Sowerbii (cerit. melanoides, Sby.) of the Woolwich 

 sands. Old ^Yorld, India, Philippines. 



Vibex, Oken, V. fuscatus, PL VIII., fig. 29. V. auritus. W. Africa. 

 Whirls spirally ridged, or muricated ; apertm-e broadly channelled in front. 



Ceriphasia, Sw., C. sulcata. N. America. Aperture like vibex ; slightly 

 notched near the suture. 



He^yiisinus, Sw., H. lincolatus. W. Indies. Apertm-e channelled in 

 front. ■# 



llelafustis, Sw. (lo. Lea. Glottella, Gray.) M. fluviatilis. PL VIII., 

 fig. 27. U. States. Apertm-e produced into a spout in frout. 



Melatoma, Anthony (not Sw.) M. altilis. Shell like anculotus ; with a 

 deep slit at the suture. U. States. 



Anculotus, Say. A. pramorsus. PL VIII., fig. 28. Shell globular ; 

 spire very short ; outer lip produced. U. States. 



Amnicohi, Anthony. A. isogona. PL IX., fig. 23. U. States. 



? Pachystoma, Gray. M. marginata, Eocene. Paris. Peristome thick- 

 ened extei-naUy, all round. 



Paludomus, Swainson. 



Ettjm., palus, a marsh, and domits, home. 



Hyn., tanalia. Gray. Hemimitra, Sw. 



Type, P. aculeatus, Gm. sp. PL IX., fig. 84. 



Shell, turbinated, smooth or mm-icated; vnih. wavy stains beneath the 

 olive qndermis ; spire small, usually eroded ; operc. horny, laraeUai", nucleus 

 exteraal. Animal like melania ; mactle-margin fringed (Eydoux). 



Disir., 10 sp. Ceylon (Himalaya?) in the mountain-streams, sometimes 

 at an elevation of 6,000 feet. The Himalayan sp. {melania conica. Gray, 



* This is a crood section of melania, but Mr. Gray's type does not well represent it, 

 being more like a pirena in the form of its aperture. 



