150 MANUAL OF THE MOLLUSCA. 



Fossil, 25 sp. Carb. ? oolites — = Brit., France. 



Sub-genera. Pupillia, Gray. F. apertura, Bom. ( = hiantula, Lam.) 

 Shell smootli, surrouucled by a sharp white edge ; perforation very large. 

 Dlstr., S. Africa. 



FissurelUdcea, D'Orb. F. hiatula, Lam. (=megatrema, D'Orb.) Shell 

 cancellated ; covered by the mantle of the animal. 3 sp. Cape, Tasmania. 



[Macroschisma, Sw.) F. macroschisma. PI. XL, fig. 3. Anal aperture 

 close to the posterior margin of the shell. The animal is so much larger than 

 its sheU, as to be compared to the testacelle by Mr. Cimaing. Distr., Philip- 

 pines, Swan river. 



Lucapina, Gray. F. elegans. Gray (=aperta, Sby.). SheU white, can- 

 cellated, margin crennlated ; covered by the reflected mantle. 3 sp. California. 



PUNCTURELLA, LoWC. 



St/n., cemoria, Leach. Diadora, Gray. 



Type, P. noachina. PI. XL, fig. 3. 



Shell conical, elevated, with the apex recm'ved ; perforation in front of the 

 apex, with a raised border internally ; sm'face cancellated. 



Distr., 2 sp. Greenland, Boreal America, Norway, N. Brit., Tierra-del- 

 fuego. In 20 — 100 fathoms water. 



Fossil, in the glacial formations of N. Brit. 



RiMULA, Befrance. 



Etym., diminutive of rima, a fissure. (Syn., Rimularia.) 

 * Recent type, R. BlainviUii. PI. XL, fig. 4. 



Shell thin and cancellated, with a perforation near the anterior margin. 



Distr., several sp. found on sandy mud at low- water, or di-edged in from 

 10 — 25 fms. Philippines (Cumiug). 



Fossil, 3 sp. Bath oolite — coral-rag. Brit., France. 



Emarginula, Lam. 



Etym., dimunitive of emarginata, notched. 



Type, E. reticulata. PI. XL, figs. 5, 6. 



Shell oval, conical, elevated, with the apex recm'ved ; surface cancellated ; 

 anterior margin notched, Muscular impression with recurved points. The 

 nucleus (or shell of the fiy) is spiral, and resembles scissurella. The anterior 

 slit is very variable in extent. The animal of Emarginula (and also of punc- 

 tureUa; has an isolated cirrus on the back of the foot, perhaps representing 

 the operculigerous lobe (Forbes). Lingual dentition; median teeth sub- 

 quadi-ate ; laterals 4, oblong, imbricated ; uncini about 60, the first large and 

 thick, with a lobed hook, the rest linear, with serrulated hooks (Loven). 



Distr., 26 sp. W. Indies, Brit., Norway, Philippines, Australia. Range 

 from low-water to 90 fathoms. 



Fossil, 40 sp. Trias — . Brit., France, 



