2 
local. 
Essentially Fresh-water and 
Estuarine Beds. 
Essentially Marine. 

: (Marine).—Similar to those of the Lower Coal- 
CARBONICOLA, ANTHRACOMYA, AND NAIADITES. 
I adopt the table published by Professor E. Hull in his paper’ (‘ Quart. 
Journ. Geol. Soc.,’ vol. xxxiii, 1877, p. 615), as being the result of many years’ 
labour on the Carboniferous Series of Great Britain by the greatest authority on 
the subject, and because I think the various stages proposed by him are well 
marked out by their fossil contents; and therefore they form the best scheme for 
the comparison of the various horizons in different coal-fields. 
THE BRITISH CARBONIFEROUS SERIES.? 
Beps, In DescenpiIna ORDER, WITH LocALITIEs. 
Name of Formation. 
STAGE G. Upper Coal-measures.—Reddish and grey sand- 
stones, breccias, and clays, with thin coal-seams and 
limestones. 
Fossits (fresh-water or estuarine).—Fish (migratory) ; 
Crustacea, Leperditia inflata; Annelids, Spirorbis 
carbonarius.§ 
STAGE F. Middle Coal-measures.—Yellowish sandstones, 
clays, and shales, with thick coals. 
Fosstts (fresh-water or estuarine).—Fish (migratory) ; 
Molluses, Anthracosia (Carbonicola), Anthracomya ; 
Crustacea, Beyrichia, Estheria ; Annelids, Spirorbis. 
Marine species rare. 
STAGE E. Gannister Beds (Phillips) or Lower Ooal- 
measures.—F lagstones, shales, and thin coals, with 
hard siliceous floors (Gannister). 
Fosstns (Marine).—Fish similar to those above (migra- 
tory); Molluscs, Goniatites, Discites, Orthoceras, 
Posidonia (sic), Monotis, Aviculopecten, Anthracosia 
(Carbonicola), Lingula, &e. 
STAGE D. Millstone-grit Series.—Coarse grits, flagstones, 
and shales, with a few thin coal-seams. 
measures. 
STAGE C. Yoredale Series.—Shales and grits, passing 
downwards into dark shales and earthy limestones. 
Fosstts (Marine).—Including Goniatites, Aviculopecten, 
Ctenodonta, Chonetes, Discina, Posidonomya, Pro- 
ductus, &e. 
Localities. 
Stoke-on-Trent, 
Newcastle-under-Lyne, south- 
ern part of Dudley Coal-field ; 
Banks of the Dee, near Rua- 
bon; Hamilton and Ayrshire, 
in Scotland. 
Manchester, 
Central portions of all the coal- 
fields of England and Wales; 
Upper Coal-measures of Scot- 
land. 
South Lancashire, North Staf- 
fordshire, North Wales, and 
South Wales. 
Uplands of Yorkshire, Lanca- 
shire, and Derbyshire, North 
Staffordshire, North and 
South Wales, &. 
Uplands and valleys of Lanca- 
shire, Yorkshire, and Derby- 
shire, North Staffordshire, 
Wales, &e. 

1 “On the Upper Limit of the essentially Marine Beds of the Carboniferous Group of the 
British Isles and adjoining Continental Districts ; with Suggestions for a Fresh Classification of the 
Carboniferous Series.” 
> This table is inserted by the kind permission of Prof. Hull. 
’ The name Spirorbis pusillus is given in Etheridge’s ‘ Catalogue of British Paleozoic Fossils.’ 
