UPPER TENNESSEE, DRAINAGE, 573 
61. TOXOLASMA LIVIDUM (Rafinesque), 1831. 
Unio lividus Rafinesque, ’31—Unio moestus Lea, ’41.—Unio cylin- 
drellus Lea, ’°68.—Unio glans Lewis, ’*71.—Unio glans Pilsbry & 
Rhoads, ’96.—Lampsilis (Carunculina) cylindrella and moesta 
Simpson, 714, pp. 155, 156.—To.xolasma livida Frierson, ’14a, 
Pp. 7- 
The upper Tennessee form is not the real U. glans of Lea (’43), 
as already hinted at by Pilsbry & Rhoads. The latter is more swol- 
len, and has more inflated beaks, and possibly, it is the big river and 
lowland form of To.xolasma lividum. 
What Lea has described as U. moestus (from French Broad 
River, Tenn.) undoubtedly is this: I have specimens from Little 
Pigeon River (tributary to French Broad), which are fully identical 
with moestus. U. cylindrellus Lea (Duck River, Tenn.) is in shape 
absolutely identical with T. lividum; however, it differs by paler 
color of epidermis and nacre. Such pale specimens occasionally are 
found in the upper ‘Tennessee drainage as individual variations. 
Yet it might be, that elsewhere (Tennessee drainage in northern 
Alabama, and:Alabama drainage in Alabama and Georgia) this pale 
form becomes a distinct race. 
U. pullus Conrad, ’38, from the original locality, Wateree River, 
S. Car., may be a different species. But it is rather sure that the 
specimens from ‘Warm Springs, N. Car.” (= Hot Springs, Madi- 
son Co., N. Car., on the French Broad) are actually T. hividum. 
There is great variation in the color of the nacre: it may be en- 
tirely dark purple, or may have (generally) a whitish margin along 
the edge of the shell; or it may (very rarely) have a pale, yellowish, 
color. The epidermis is mostly blackish or blackish brown, but it 
may become pale brown or greenish brown. 
This. species seems to have a wide range over the upper Ten- 
nessee drainage, but, on the other hand, it seems to be rather local. 
I know it from the following localities: South Fork Powell River, ° 
Big Stone Gap, Wise Co., Va. (Walker coll.) ; Powell River, Jones- 
ville, Lee Co., Va. (Walker coll.) ; Shawanee, Claiborne Co., Tenn. 
(Walker coll.) ; Green’s Ford, Union Co., Tenn. (Walker coll.) ; 
Clinch River, Speer’s Perry, Scott Co., Va.; Emory River, Harri- 
