Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology 55 
Toxolasma lividum (Raf.) = U. glans Lea, Frierson, 14", p. 7. 
Toxolasma lividum (Raf.) =U. pullus (Con.) (part) = U. mestus 
Lea = U. cylindrellus Lea, Ortmann, ’18, p. 573. 
U. (Tox.) lividus Raf.=Car. glans (Lea) or possibly = pullus 
Con., Walker, ’18¢, p. 180-181 (“if identifiable’). 
This is the form representing Car, glans Lea in the upper 
Tennessee region, but it differs from the typical glans of the 
interior basin at least as a variety. 
It has been claimed by Frierson and Ortmann that U. lividus 
Raf. is this form. It is, according to description, a small 
shell (1 inch) of elliptical shape, “swelled,” not thick, with 
rough, brown epidermis and livid purple nacre, from Rock 
Castle River, Kentucky (Upper Cumberland). 
This description may be applied to two species of this region, 
the present one and Ligumia vanuvemensis (Lea), and there 
is nothing in it which permits a final decision. Moreover, the 
dimensions given by Rafinesque fit in part (diameter 37% of 
length) both species, in part (height 75%) neither of them. 
Thus lividus is not recognizable and cannot be used, and with 
it the generic name 7orolasma must be rejected. Occasional 
specimens of vanu.remensis have quite exactly the proportions 
given by Rafinesque. 
_U. pullus Conrad resembles this form very much. But since 
it originally came from an entirely different region ( Wateree 
River, South Carolina) it cannot be identified with certainty 
and should be disregarded, at least for the present. 
U. mestus Lea surely is this upper Tennesee form of glans 
(from French Broad River). The figure represents a very 
large male ; but similar specimens have been found by Ortmann 
in the French Broad drainage, fully agreeing with this in 
all characters, including the proportional dimensions (height 
of male, 58-63% of length; of females, 63-08% ; diameter of 
male 38-43% ; of female, 39-48% ; Lea’s figures for height and 
