84 



in Europe. It is very strange if it is not found there : and, if 

 it is, it is equally strange that the very marked and palpable 

 differences between the two forms have not long ago attracted 

 attention and comment. In the cylindrical form the fourteen 

 legs are distinct and well developed ; in the flat form they are 

 very small and indistinct. In The Natural History of the 

 Tineina, vol. ii, the larvae of several species are figured, some 

 wath distinct, well developed legs, others apparently apodal ; but 

 the latter have the cylindrical form, and have the heads as in 

 this group, both as to form and position, while none have the 

 dorsal maculae which characterize more or less distinctly all the 

 known larvae of the flat group, except that of L. ornatella. 

 One of the more striking differences between the two groups 

 is found in the form and position of the head. The cyhndrical 

 larva does not differ in these particulars from the ordinary type 

 of lepidopterous larvae ; that is, the head is full and rounded in 

 front, and deflexed so that the mouth is a little below the 

 axis of the body segments. In the flat group the head is thin 

 and flattened, and not deflexed, the mouth being exactly in 

 the axis of the body. The flat larvse have two pairs of eyes, 

 for eyes they are, though on removing the black pigment I find 

 no cornea. Notwithstanding this rudimentary structure the 

 larvae see well, and retreat on the approach of danger. 



Dr. Clemens states that " the cocoons of the second (flat) 

 group are shown on the separated epidermis as a circle, or an 

 almost hemispherical protuberance on the underside " of the 

 leaf, and this, Mr. Stainton remarks, " is a very striking pecu- 

 liarity." This is the nidus above referred to by me, but it is 

 by no means common to all the species of the group. There 

 are various modes of jnipation in both groups. L. helianthe- 

 mella, in Europe, and L. orviatella, in this country, leave the 

 mine to pupate ; all the other known species pupate in the 

 mine. Some spin silken cocoons ; others interweave grains of 

 frass or excrement with the silk. Some make very dense, 

 compact cocoons, while those of others are very flimsy ; and 

 some species make no proper cocoon, but the pupai are simply 

 attached to the threads of a very light, loose web ; others 

 make the nidus as described by Dr. Clemens. These nidi 



