236 



ing, also, how an organ is apparently preserved without purpose 

 for an indefinite time. In order to understand the teleology of 

 certain inherited oiganizations it is necessary to be perfectly ac- 

 quainted with the external conditions and the biology of the 

 respective species. Adapted forms and accommodations are ex- 

 plicable only upon such conditions. Since the determining im- 

 pulses for transitions and changes in organisms lie outside of 

 the latter, or are to be sought there for the greater part, they 

 thus often escape our observation. 



Instances could also be mentioned of sexual peculiarities 

 which seem to be in opposition to easy copulation, yet the 

 species are abundant. Such apparently conflicting facts could 

 undoubtedly be explained if we had full knowledge of the 

 peculiar biology of those species. Amateur entomologists ought, 

 therefore, by accurate biological observations, to concentrate 

 their studies especially upon this generally neglected theme. 



ANATOMY or THE IMAGO. 



Integume7it . The dark brown elytra exhibit, on the uj)per 

 side, elevated longitudinal beads and funnel-shaped punctures. 

 In a deeper layer, next to the hypodermis, are several longitud- 

 inally meandering cylindrical canals, running between the pores 

 and the beads. The larger, serially arranged pores just reach 

 the chitinogenous matrix (hypodermis), forming a minute pro- 

 tuberance, while the smaller, more or less irregularly placed 

 pores, pierce the matrix. The circular fibrous area of each of the 

 larger pores forming a third group has an interruption, wliich is 

 always on the side towards the base of the elytra, and api)ears 

 to be a concave groove, the exact nature of which I did not 

 succeed in disclosing. (Fig. 7.) 



On macerating a piece of the head alternately in caustic 

 potash and acetic acid, three difl'erent sizes of pigment-granules 

 can be discerned in the cuticula : first, a fine granulation, 

 second, an irregularly arranged coarser granulation, and third, 

 a nearly round,, homogeneous assemblage of larger spots. 



A broad zone of spinous excrescences, arranged like tiles, 

 extends along the pleurae of the abdominal integument between 

 and around the stiamata. 



