72 A7J7mIs Entomological Society of America [Vol. XI, 



these cutting valves is an unpaired and unarmed valve, bifur- 

 cated in its posterior third (b. v.), the two arms of the bifurca- 

 tion each straddling the cutting valves and being continued at 

 rest beyond the insertion of the blades of these latter valves. 

 It is sparsely invested with long, slender hairs, more thickly 

 disposed on the two bifurcating arms. Along its dorsal median 

 line there runs from the point of bifurcation a narrow depression 

 which terminates at its base. Ventrally, and arising apparently 

 from the eighth sternite and between the paired ninth pleurites, 

 is a ploughshare-shaped valve {p. v.), strongly chitinised and 

 invested laterally with short, coarse hairs. It terminates in a 

 position between the cutting valves, the extremities of which 

 extend beyond its apex. The two spermathecae (sp.) are 

 dark-brown, strongly chitinised spherical organs in the ninth 

 segment. The spermatheca is tripartite in some Tipulidae. 



The eggs are sub-translucent glistening white, elongate-ovate 

 in shape. Under natural conditions they are almost invariably 

 to be found on the under surface of the leaves of the food-plant, 

 T. grandis, inserted beneath the incised epiderm (Figure 7). 

 They are generally deposited in series along the margin of the 

 palmately-lobed, serrate-edged leaf, and just internal to the 

 periphery. They may occur in groups of one or more, all 

 arranged parallel to each other and with their long axes per- 

 pendicularl to the margin of the leaf, or at least, varying but 

 slightly from the perpendicular. The eggs are only partly hidden 

 beneath the incised epiderm. They are exposed dorsally, the 

 margins of the slit made by the ovipositor overlapping the egg 

 laterally, and to a small degree, both anteriorly and posteriorly. 

 The arrangement of the eggs in series and their partial exposure, 

 lends to the leaf-margin a somewhat beaded appearance. When 

 newly laid, the eggs are not readily observed by the naked eye, 

 unless one examines the leaves closely. Later, owing to a 

 darkening of color of the eggs as well as of the leaf-margin which 

 turns brown, they are more readily detected. 



Not only are the eggs deposited along the leaf-margin, but 

 often where a leaf has been eaten earlier in the season by the 

 larva, one will find eggs deposited along the ragged edge of the 

 damaged leaf. 



In the breeding-cages, the females laid their eggs indis- 

 criminately on both the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves, 

 but in nature, no eggs were ever found on the upper surface. 



