128 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. XI, 



matter how much it is hidden from view at first glance. Appen- 

 dages are in large measure lacking in the female and the appear- 

 ance is that of extreme specialization by reduction. The male 

 is modified especially in connection with the external opening 

 of the ejaculatory duct, which is placed at some distance 

 outside of the body-cavity, entirely out of relation to its 

 respective somites 9 and 10. 



Table of Sclerites and Appendages. 



somites appendages 



Harpalus caliginosus 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 I, II, III, IV. 



Female t-|- t-1- t-|- t+ t+ + _ _ _ 



S-|- S-H S-f- 5+ 5 + 



Male t+ t+ t+ t+ t— — + + — 



s+ s+ s+ s-\- s — 

 Cybister fimbriolatus 



Female t+ t-h t+ t-h t-h +* + + — 



s+ s-f- s-\- s-\- s+ 



Male t+ t+ t+ t-h t— -K + -F — 



s+ s+ s-|- s-\- s — 

 Hydrophilus triangularis 



Female t+ t+ t+ t+ t— -|- + + — 



s+ s+ s-|- s-|- s — 



Male t+ t+ t+ t-l- t— + + + — 



s-h s+ s+ s+ s — 

 Doryphora decemJineata 



Female t+ t+ t-l- t-|- t— -|-* — — — 



s-|- s-h s-|- s-|- s — 



Male t+ t+ t-l- t+ t— -h* +? + — 



s-|- s-j- s-j- s — ■ s — 



h. Lepidoptera. — The families of Lepidoptera present in the 

 female, beginning with Hepialus, most extreme cases of special- 

 ization by reduction. The telescoping of segments is here 

 carried to such a degree that we see for the first time the most 

 terminal spiracle in the seventh somite instead of in the eighth, 

 its usual position in a more typical form. It is interesting to 

 note, in this connection, that this spiracle is present in the 

 larva, rudimentary in the pupa, and lost in the adult, with the 

 possible exception of Hepialus. 



The somites retracted are very long in proportion to their 

 width, and very slightly chitinized. Appendages in the female 

 are largely lacking except perhaps for bud-like outgrowths from 

 the somites at the positions occupied by appendages when 

 present in other forms. The appearance of the female from the 

 caudal point of view presents, particularly in Hepialus, because 

 of this relation between somites and the origins of their respec- 



