350 A^inals Entomological Society of America [Vol. XI, 



A downward-bending of the pronotum along the shoulder- 

 like ridge labeled "h" in Fig. 1 and Text Fig. 3 divides the 

 pronotum into an upper surface or disc {i. e., the region bearing 

 the labels "p" and "mt" in Fig. 1, or that designated as "d" 

 in Text Fig. 3) and two lateral lobes, one on either side of the 

 body, labeled "11" in Fig. 1 and Text Fig. 3. The shoulder-like 

 ridge "h" of Fig. 1 and Text Fig. 3, demarking the disk of the 

 pronotum from the lateral lobe "11," is called the lateral carina, 

 or better, the humeral carina, (since the term lateral carina is 

 also applied to certain ridges of the head region). A lack of 

 ability in shading, has made it difficult to show that the regions 

 labeled "p" and "mt" in Fig. 1, represent a dorsal disc, while 

 the sides, labeled, "11" are bent downward at an angle with it, 

 and thereby produce the shoulder-like ridge "h." Text Fig. 3, 

 however, represents a vertical cross-section of the pronotum, in 

 which each half of the disc labeled "d," corresponds to the 

 regions designated as "p" and "mt" in Fig. 1. The other 

 labelings are the same in both Text Fig. 3 and Fig. 1, so that by 

 comparing the vertical cross section of the pronotum shown in 

 Text Fig. 3, with the view of the pronotum shown in Fig. 1, 

 the same parts may be readily identified in each. 



As was mentioned above, the two lateral or humeral carinae 

 (Text Fig. 3, "h," and Fig. 1, "h") divide the pronotum into 

 an upper disc and two lateral lobes. The notch "n" and the 

 impressed line "su" extending downward from it (Fig. 1) divide 

 the disc of the pronotum into an anterior region called the 

 " prozona" and a posterior one called the "metazona'' (Fig. 1, 

 "p" and "mt"). It would be preferable to refer to these as 

 the prezona and postzona, however, since the prefix "meta" 

 is reserved for structures belonging to the meta-thorax alone. 

 The fore and hind margins of the disc of the pronotum may be 

 truncate, rounded, angled, notched, etc., and its surface may be 

 smooth, wrinkled, etc., these features being used in classification. 



Three approximately vertical sutures or impressed lines 

 called sulci (Fig. 1, "su") divide the pronotum into intralobes 

 or areas which, beginning with the anteriormost, have been 

 incorrectly designated as the "prescutum," "scutum," "scu- 

 tellum" and "postscutellum," although they are purely sec- 

 ondary structures having no connection with the four typical 

 subdivisions of the notal region of the wing-bearing segments; 

 and in some grasshoppers there are more than four of these 

 "intralobes." 



