412 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. XI, 



dal margin of the wings and touches only at the prominent bulbous tip, 

 prominently arched — the height of the arch about 10 mm.; antenna? 

 extend slightly farther caudad than the prothoracic legs; portion of 

 prothoracic femur exposed, G-7 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide; prothoracic 

 leg usually with a prominent elevation on the tibia; inner spiracular 

 furrow about 2 mm. from the outer which is bounded by two carinate 

 ridges making it appear to be three furrows on some of the segments; 

 rugose band of the eighth segment interrupted by the scar of the caudal 

 horn which is smooth and polished; cremaster very rugose, about 4 mm. 

 long, ending in a sharp point. Length of pupa described, 101 mm., 

 greatest width 20 mm. 



Genus Protoparce Burm. 

 The species of this genus are the only common pupae belong- 

 ing to the so-called "jug-handled" type, thought by many 

 persons to be typical for the family Sphingidse. The maxillary 

 loop is strongly arched from the surface of the body, usually 

 touching only at the tip, and extending about half the length of 

 the wings. Some of the species of Sphinx occasionally have 

 the maxillary loop arched considerably, and when this happens 

 5. chersis and P. sexta look very much alike. The body is fusi- 

 form with the cephalic end rather blunt. The prothoracic femur 

 always has a narrow portion exposed. The movable abdominal 

 segments have two spiracular furrows, a deep pocket-like mesal 

 one and an outer less prominent lateral one. 



■ These pupae are found in earthen cells in the ground where 

 they winter in the pupal stage. There are two species of this 

 genus found in the temperate zone, P. qtiinquemaciilatiis and 

 P. sexta. The pupae of these two species vary greatly with 

 regard to the most obvious characters, such as length of max- 

 illary loop, legs, antennas, etc. The maxillary loop, in the great 

 majority of individuals of P. quinquemaculatus is longer and far 

 more strongly arched than in P. sexta, but it is not a character 

 which can be used in separating the species, as it varies markedly 

 with the individuals. Such a character was not found until over 

 a hundred specimens had been bred and examined. Then it 

 was discovered that the spiracular furrows provided a constant 

 character. The species, therefore, may be separated as follows : 



a. Spiracular furrows of the fifth abdominal segment always extending ventrad 

 of the .spiracle for at least 3 mm.; maxillary loop usually reaching about 

 three-fourths of the distance between the cephalic end of the body and the 

 caudal margin of the wings, strongly arched from the surface, (generally 

 about 5 mm.) and touching only at the tip P. quinquemaculatus 



aa. Spiracular furrows of the fifth abdominal segment very seldom extending 

 ventrad of the spiracle and then only the lateral furrow, which may extend 

 for about 1 mm. or less; maxillary loop usually reaching for half, or less, the 

 distance between the cephalic end of the body and the caudal margin of the 

 wings, not strongly arched (seldom over 2 mm.), and touching more than at 

 the tip P. sexta 



