1918] Pupcc of Common Sphingidce 427 



The shallow spiracular furrows are almost obscured by coarse 

 punctures. The scar of the caudal horn is never prominent, and 

 sometimes not distinguishable. The cremaster is short and 

 somewhat quadrangular, usually ending in a very short, sharp 

 point. 



There is a single species of this genus in North America, 

 P. modesla, which ranges from Atlantic to Pacific, mostly in 

 the northern half of the United States. 



Pachysphinx modesta Harr. (Fig. 5). 



Color varies from chestnut brown to almost black; surface of head, 

 thorax and appendages roughened by very deep, interrupted, trans- 

 verse impressions and fine granulations making it dull, the abdomen 

 coarsely punctate, with annulets on the dorsum, but appearing polished, 

 the cephalic margins of the segments always more densely punctate; 

 clypeo-labral suture always distinct; antennse of female with a single 

 row of tubercles, extending as far caudad as the prothoracic legs, those 

 of the male without tubercles and extending as far as the mesothoracic 

 legs; maxillee extend about two-fifths of the distance to the caudal 

 margin of the wings. The cremaster is very rugose, occasionally tri- 

 angular, and 2 mm. or less in length. Length of pupa 40-50 mm., 

 usually about 50, greatest width 13-15 mm. 



A pupa of P. modesta imperator, bred by Mr. H. H. Brehme, 

 of the New Jersey Entomological Co., showed no perceptible 

 difference from the species. 



Genus Cressonia G. & R. 



The pupae of this genus differ markedly from all other 

 sphingids and should always be very easily distinguished. The 

 body is somewhat of the saturnian type, but flattened ven- 

 trally on abdominal segments 7-10. The surface of the body is 

 rough and spiny, and always appears dull. The clypeo-labral 

 suture is distinct. The antennas have a row of spiny tubercles 

 along the median line and do not differ in the sexes. There is 

 but one deep spiracular furrow which extends both dorsad and 

 ventrad of the spiracles. The cremaster is short, broader than 

 long, truncate at the tip. 



This genus consists of a single species, C. juglandis, which is 

 found almost everywhere in the United States east of the Missis- 

 sippi and extends into Canada. As far as pupal characters go, 

 it seems intermediate between Smerinthus and Pachysphinx of 

 the Ambulicinae and Lapara and Daremma of the Acherontiiuce. 



