1918] Pupce of Common Sphingidce 439 



Genus Xylophanes Hbn. 



The pupae of this species are of very much the same shape 

 as those of the genus Pholus, but are very different in their 

 coloring, those of Xylophanes being a dirty grayish or clay color 

 with darker markings while the pupse of Pholus are uniform 

 dark brown. The pup^ of Xylophanes also lack the prominent 

 "shoulders" of Pholus, and are generally typically sphingiform. 

 The labrum is on the dorsal surface of the body. The maxillae 

 are of the usual type, and extend to the caudal margin of the 

 wings. The antennae of the male are longer than those of the 

 female. There is no portion of the prothoracic femur exposed. 

 There are spiracular furrows on the fifth segment. These are 

 very shallow and separated by low, interrupted carinate 

 ridges. The scar of the caudal horn may usually be identified. 

 The cremaster is narrow and triangular, ending in a sharp point. 



There are four species of this genus which may occur in this 

 region but only one is common. The larva of one of these species 

 is described, but according to Rothschild and Jordan the early 

 stages of the other two are unknown. Xylophanes tersa is 

 found in the southern part of the United States and has been 

 collected in Illinois. 



Xylophanes tersa L. 



Color grayish or grayish brown, with an interrupted black median 

 line on both dorsal and ventral surfaces, broad and more distinct on the 

 dorsal surface, spiracles deeply ringed with black so that the}' form a 

 row of large round spots, remainder of surface variously marked with 

 black; entire surface of body with very fine, mostly transverse striations 

 giving it a silky appearance, the abdominal segments also showing fine 

 punctures ; maxillae prominently exctirved at the proximal end ; antennae 

 of male extending as far caudad as the prothoracic legs, those of the 

 female always considerably shorter; spiracular furrows very shallow, 

 extending over the whole cephalic margin of the segment down to the 

 spiracles and separated by fine, more or less wa\'y, interrupted carinate 

 ridges making the surface appear ver\^ rough, the furrows extending 

 farther dorsal than ventral of the spiracle; cremaster 2-3 mm. long, 

 about half as wide at base and ending in a sharp point. Length of 

 pupa 40-50 mm., greatest breadth 10 mm. 



Genus Celerio Oken. 



The pupae of this genus also strongly resemble those of the 

 genus Pholus, perhaps more so than those of the preceding 

 genus, as Celerio has very prominent mandibular tubercles in 



