56 
figurine head modelled on classic Jines, earthen spindle 
whorls, and several polished black potsherds, one 
piece having distinctive decoration similar to a frag- 
ment found near Srinivaspur in Mysore, associated with 
several fragments of chank bangles. 
Guntur District. 
The great Buddhist remains of Amaravati occur in 
this district and have been the scene of much careful 
and well-rewarded labour on the part of Mr. Rea. The 
chank fragments here discovered are very numerous and 
important, giving evidence that the chank bangle in- 
dustry was carried on in this locality even earlier than 
the construction of the Buddhist buildings. They 
consist in the main of large numbers of fragments of 
working sections of the shell together with a very few 
pieces of finished and ornamented bangles. Besides 
these are numerous waste pieces—shoulder and oral 
rejects, showing that the methods of cutting up were 
identical with those of the present day. The whole of 
these fragments were found beneath the foundations of 
buildings which the most competent authorities date 
circa 200 B.C., hence these bangle fragments are antece- 
dent thereto and must be over 2,100 years old. It may 
be that these remains constituted part of the town’s rub- 
bish heap before the erection of the Buddhist buildings 
which have survived to the present time and that this 
rubbish heap was employed in making or raising the 
ground prior to the putting in of the foundations, or it 
may be that an old village site, including the waste of a 
village bangle factory was selected as a site by the Bud- 
dhist architects of Amaravati. 
Besides bangle fragments, a few rudely carved 
chank finger rings figure among the remains, together 
with small discs of # inch diameter sometimes perforated 
in the centre, the latter were used in the fashioning of 
necklaces. At Peddamudiyam in Cuddapah, Mr. Rea 
has found complete necklaces formed of spherical chank 
beads alternating with chank discs of the pattern here 
referred to. The perfectly circular outline of these 
small discs is remarkable. 
