﻿Scott: A Study of Pasture Trees 



I Shrub 



4o3 



concerned. However, when they are attacked they usually 

 succumb when the browsing is severe, but if the punishment is not 

 too great they respond in a manner similar to that to be described 

 for the oaks. Only two or three maples have been found which 

 bear evidence of close cropping, not enough from which to draw 

 conclusions (Fig. i). 



Since the thorns, wild apples, oaks and elms are the most 

 numerous and are able to withstand the severe browsing to which 

 they are subjected they are the most interesting types found. The 

 points which I have considered are the forms taken by the several 



species in response to browsing, and the means by which each 

 finally gets beyond the reach of the cattle and so becomes indepen- 



The ability to withstand constant browsing is only one factor 

 in determining the number of individuals of a species found in a 



