94 ENGLISH BOTANY. 



On the seashore, growhig on shingle and sand. Ver}i'rare in England, 

 Avhere it occnr's between Llandudno and the Little Ormc's Head, and 

 between Llanwrog and Cljnog, Carnarvonshire; in Cemlyn Bay, and 

 near Trefarthen, Anglesea ; Isle of Walney, Lancashire ; near Hemsley, 

 Whitehaven, and JNIarj^port, &c., Cumberland. In Scotland it is 

 more common, extending north to Orkney and Shetland. Local in 

 Ireland, and apjjarently confined to the eastern and northern coasts. 



England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer. 



Rootstock fleshy, fuscous-black, often with several axes united 

 together wholly or partially, producing numerous white fleshy stolons. 

 Stems 6 inches to 2 feet long, densely leafy. Leaves pointing to the 

 right and left of the stems, those of the barren shoots larger than the 

 others, with the lamina 1^ to 3 inches long, those of the stem 1 to 2 inches 

 long, including the petiole, upper ones and bracts subsessile and 

 smaller; all of them very thick, flat, brittle, conspicuously marked with 

 callous points when dry. Flowers f inch long, at first rose, after- 

 wards bright blue. Calyx segments roundish ovate, separate nearly 

 to the base. Corolla tube cylindrical; limb bellshaped, divided one- 

 third of the way down into 5 short lobes. Nucules lai'ge, at first 

 fleshy, but with a loose dry smooth shining black and somewhat 

 inflated testa v/hen ripe, the 4 nucules together forming a flattish 

 4-sided jjyramid about ^ inch high, the outer face of the nuts rounded, 

 the iimer with a prominent internal angle. 



I am indebted to Professor Dickie for the fresh specimens from 

 Nigg Bay, near Aberdeen, which the new drawing for plate Mxcix. 

 was made. 



GENUS / T^.— L I T H O S P E R M U M. Toumef. 



Calyx 5 -partite. Corolla regular, funnelshaped or salvershaped ; 

 throat open, without distinct scales, but often with 5 small bosses ; 

 limb more or less spreading, 5-lobed. Stamens equal, generally in- 

 cluded. Style undivided. Nucules ovate, ovoid, smooth or rugose, 

 bony, without a tumid ring at the base, attached to the flat receptacle 

 by a plain surface. 



Herbs or undershrubs of various habit. 



This genus of plants derives its name from the hardness of its seeds, and is the 

 contraction of two Greek words, \idoc, a stone, and aTzipi-ia, a seed. 



SPECIES I.— LITHOSPEEMUM PDRPUREO-C^RULEUM. Linn. 



Plate MG. 



Beich. Ic. Fl. Germ, et Helv. Vol. XVIII. Tab. MCCCXIII. Fig. 2. 

 Billot, Fl. Gall, et Germ. Exsicc. No. 2714. 



Perennial, herbaceous. Barren shoots elongate, arching, pi'ocum- 



